不同暴雨雨型条件下城市内涝诱发机制及演进规律研究

Massive losses have been produced recently due to the increasing occurrence frequency of urban waterlogging with the development of global warming and rapid urbanization, which also becomes the frontier and hot problems for urban hydrology and catastrophology. How to simulate the process of rainfall-induced waterlogging in urban area and how to analyze the cause of formation as well as submersed characteristic availably become the effective measures that explore the inducement mechanism and evolution rule of waterlogging, presenting potential theoretical significance and practical applications for waterlogging disaster prevention. Taking the Pearl River Delta Region featuring high degree of urbanization and frequent extreme rainstorm, as study case, this project aims to preliminarily reveal the spatial-temporal characteristics of rainfall pattern under the changing environment. In order to discuss the response characteristic of urban waterlogging under diverse rainfall patterns, a self-developed simulation model of waterlogging in a typical plot is constructed. Such model can perform the analogue simulation on waterlogging formation, overflow, development and regression. The occurrence and evolution of waterlogging can be summarized according to the simulated results such as inundated area, inundated depth and dynamic process of depth in a manhole. The inducement mechanism and evolution rule of waterlogging in urban area can be finally revealed under diverse rainfall patterns. The project is of great significance for deepening the understanding of urban waterlogging, enriching and improving the theoretical system of urban catastrophology. Therefore, the results of this project can provide theoretical foundation and scientific support for waterlogging control and disaster reduction, urban planning and administration, disaster emergency and so on.

随着全球变暖以及城市化进程的加剧，城市内涝发生频率加大，其造成的危害愈加严重，已成为城市水文和灾害学研究的前沿热点问题。如何有效模拟城市雨涝过程、分析内涝成因及其淹没特征是探究城市内涝诱发机制及其演进规律的有效手段，对有效防御城市内涝灾害具有重大理论意义与实际应用价值。本课题以高度城市化、极端暴雨频发的珠三角地区为例，初步揭示变化环境下暴雨雨型的时空特征；利用自主研发耦合方法构建某典型小区的雨洪仿真模型，探讨不同暴雨雨型条件下城市内涝的响应特征；通过分析淹没范围、水深以及管井水深变化过程等模拟结果总结内涝发生及其演进特征，揭示不同暴雨雨型条件下高度城市化地区内涝诱发机制及其演进规律。课题对提高城市内涝灾害的认识、丰富和完善城市灾害学的理论体系具有重要意义，可为研究区防洪减灾、城市规划与管理、灾害应急预案制作等提供理论依据和科学支撑。

随着全球变暖以及城市化进程的加剧，城市内涝发生频率加大，其造成的危害愈加严重，已成为城市水文和灾害学研究的前沿热点问题。如何有效模拟城市雨涝过程、分析内涝成因及其淹没特征是探究城市内涝诱发机制及其演进规律的有效手段，对有效防御城市内涝灾害具有重大理论意义与实际应用价值。本项目通过查阅相关研究文献资料，开展学术调研，制定了详细的技术路线，收集研究区暴雨资料，识别了不同暴雨的雨型和集中度；收集了研究区多年历史内涝资料，统计造成当次内涝的主导雨型，分析该场暴雨历时、雨量及集中度等暴雨特征；总结研究区暴雨雨型时空特性，初步揭示城市内涝致灾因素和作用机理。选取珠三角地区某小区为研究实例，分别构建一维管网SWMM模型和二维地表淹没LISFLOOD-FP模型；采取自主研发的耦合方法，构建SWMM和LISFLOOD-FP城市雨洪仿真模型；通过实地测量暴雨、径流、典型管井水深变化、地面淹没范围、淹没水深与淹没历时等资料，对模型进行深度率定与验证，确保模型可靠性和准确性。利用数值模拟法生成不同雨型、集中度、历时等多种暴雨情景，利用模型进行仿真模拟并输出淹没范围结果、水深模拟结果以及管井水深变化过程等；根据研究区不同暴雨情境模拟结果，总结城市内涝发生与淹没演进特征，揭示不同雨型下高度城市化地区内涝诱发机制和演进规律。..本项目研究进展顺利，已发表本基金资助标注论文9篇，其中SCI收录7篇，EI收录1篇，中文核心1篇；受项目资助还申请了4项国家发明专利，登记了2项计算机软件著作权；参加国内外会议24人次，作会议报告2人次。本项目已经完成的研究成果较原研究计划更为丰富，不仅达到了预期的研究目标，而且超额完成了计划书确定的考核指标。通过本项目的研究，初步形成了较完整的雨洪模型构建与内涝诱发机制分析的方法体系，可为防灾减灾、涉水工程设计、城市规划与管理等提供理论依据和技术支撑。