我国按蚊的分子系统学研究

Anopheline mosquito is a important group in Family Culicidae. More than sixty species have been recorded in China by now. There were many complexes which members were similar by morphology in anopheline mosquitoes, so they were difficult to identify, and interspecific relationship was also unclear. According to the backgrounds, we created the research program to establish the molecular phylogeny of Genus Anopheles, clarify the relationship between anopheline mosquito with the other groups, with using molecular markers and morphologic characters..We studied the molecular phylogeny of Anopheles hyrcanus group and An. maculatus complex scientificly. Molecular identification of five members in An. maculatus complex and four species in Anopheles hyrcanus group has been established. The method was simple, feasible, reliable and objective. We used it to classify the field samples, and clarified many confused problems. Ribosomal DNA second internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS2), the third domain in ribosomal DNA 28S coding region (28S-D3) and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅱ (mtDNA-COⅡ) were sequences and analyzed in members of the above two complexes. The relationship among the members was discussed based the sequences of rDNA and mtDNA. The results suggested that ribosomal DNA gived the more phylogenetic informations. We used RAPD technique to analyse the genetic divergence of An. anthropophagus between Liaoning Province and other distribution regions. The result showed that An. anthropophagus population in Liaoning Province had divided from the other populations, which gived the further foundations for discussing the taxonomic status (subspecies?) of An. anthropophagus population in Liaoning Province. .In the program we collected thirty-seven mosquito samples, as twenty-five species in Genus Anopheles (thirteen species in Subgenus Anopheles, 12 species in Subgenus Cellia), six species in Genus Aedes, three species in Genus Culex, one species in Genus Malaya, one species in Genus Mansonia, one species in Genus Armigeres, respectively. These samples were cloned and sequenced rDNA-ITS2, 28S-D3 and mtDNA-COⅡ. We used many combinations among different sequence markers and various calculating menthods to establish molecular phylogenetic trees. The trees showed the logical inter-specific relationship in Genus Anopheles and the relationship between the anopheline mosquitoes and the other groups in Family Culicidae.The accomplishments of this reprogram advanced level on mosquito research in China largely, and were the foundations of study on molecular phylogeny of mosquito entirely in the future.

按蚊为蚊科重要类群，我国现已记载逾60种，因按蚊诸多复合体成员种形态相似，迄今虽多有研究但相互亲缘关系仍较含糊。本项目以我国按蚊属为材料，通过形态特征与分子特征结合的方法，分析核糖体DNA间隔区和线粒体DNA序列同源性，从分子水平上探明按蚊属种的进化生物和生物系统学，建立按蚊属的分子系统树判明按蚊属与蚊科其他类群的亲缘关系。