功能化碳泡沫磁性微球的制备及其对重金属离子的选择性吸附研究

Environmental pollution caused by heavy metal ions is an urgent environmental problem needed to be properly dealt with. Functionalized magnetic carbon foam microspheres (FMCFMs) integrated with functionalization, magnetization, micro-spheronization and enrich open-cell structure show promising prospect for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. This project aims (1) to synthesize carbon foam microspheres (CFMs) through emulsion-hydrothermal method; (2) to carry out surface functionalization of CFMs by the introduction of sulfur and nitrogen functional groups into the carbon framework for improving their adsorption and wetting properties; (3) to prepare FMCFMs by utilizing the coordination interaction between functional carboxyl groups and iron, cobalt and nickel ions; (4) to obtain the association rule between the surface properties of FMCFMs and the morphology, surface state, and structural parameters of FMCFMs through exploring the surface functionalized mechanism and magnetization mechanism for the formation of FMCFMs and to obtain the key technique for the preparation of FMCFMs; (5) to study the adsorption, adsorption mechanism of heavy metal ions in wastewater by the FMCFMs, the regeneration properties and magnetic separation of the FMCFMs as well as the relationship between above-mentioned parameters and the structure and properties of FMCFMs; (6) to finally constitute the preparation method of FMCFMs with high adsorption capacity, high adsorption selectivity for heavy metal ions and other properties like fast adsorption and separation and multi-reuse, which will lays a foundation for the practical application of FMCFMs as sorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions in wastewater.

重金属离子造成的环境污染是当前亟待解决的环境问题，功能化碳泡沫磁性微球集功能化、磁性化、微球化和丰富开孔结构于一体，作为吸附剂在重金属离子废水处理中将具有广阔的应用前景。本项目拟通过乳液-水热法制备碳泡沫微球，引入硫、氮等官能团对碳泡沫微球进行功能化，优化碳泡沫微球的吸附与润湿等表面性能。利用羧基功能化官能团与铁、钴、镍离子之间的配位作用实现功能化碳泡沫磁性微球的制备。通过微球表面功能化和磁性化作用机制研究，获得微球的表面特性与其形貌、表面状态和结构参数关联规律，掌握功能化碳泡沫微球的关键制备技术。开展功能化碳泡沫磁性微球对重金属离子的吸附作用及机理、磁分离效果和再生性能研究，探索上述性能与微球结构和特性关系的规律性，建立对重金属离子吸附容量大、选择性高、吸附和分离速度快、可循环使用的功能化碳泡沫磁性微球的制备方法，为功能化碳泡沫磁性微球作为吸附剂去除废水中重金属离子提供有利条件。

重金属离子造成的环境污染是当前亟待解决的环境问题，功能化碳泡沫磁性微球集功能化、磁性化、微球化和丰富开孔结构于一体，作为吸附剂在重金属离子废水处理中将具有广阔的应用前景。本项目根据吸附要求对碳泡沫进行结构设计和调控，通过水热法、乳液-水热法、“种子”导向法等制备了粒径可控、开孔率高、孔分布均匀的碳泡沫、碳泡沫微球以及碳纳米球；通过引入硫、氮等官能团进行表面功能化的方法，优化其吸附与润湿等表面性能；在功能化过程中引入磁性粒子，制备表面功能化磁性碳泡沫微球。本项目实施过程中，解决了碳泡沫微球化方法以及碳泡沫微球的形貌、粒径以及结构调控问题，以及将硫、氮功能性基团引入到碳泡沫微球骨架中的方法；研究了碳泡沫微球对模拟污染物的吸附作用、吸附机理、分离效果与碳泡沫微球形貌、结构、表面组成和润湿性能等关系的规律性问题。本项目的实施发展了多孔碳基先进功能材料的可控合成与结构优化方法学，研制出了对吸附容量大、吸附和分离速度快的功能化磁性碳泡沫微球，功能化磁性碳泡沫微球作为吸附剂材料使用，凸现了出材料的高吸附容量以及高性价比等功效，这为进一步研究开发碳泡沫吸附材料件打下了坚实的基础。