反硝化除磷污泥颗粒化稳态机制及功能菌群特性研究

The denitrifying phosphorus removal granular sludge technology is an economic and efficient biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal technology in recent years, which has good application and development prospect. But the denitrifying phosphorus removal granular sludge process has some problems, such as its longer start-up time, the unclear mechanism and key factors of the stable granulating operation system. At the same time, there are many blank about the biological characteristics of the biological community in the granular sludge such as its structure function, and the denitrifying phosphorus removal mechanism based on the granular sludge. This project intends to explore the quick start strategy of the denitrifying phosphorus removal granular sludge process, clarify the mechanism and key factors of the formation and stable operation of the denitrifying phosphorus removal granular sludge, and optimize the reactor operating conditions by studying the structure-activity relationship among the microbial community structure composition, the granular sludge characteristics and the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in different environmental conditions using molecular biology technology. At the same time based on the pure culture method, we selected the denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria from the system, and code its key enzyme functional gene. Correlating the quantitative analysis of the key functional genes of the denitrification and phosphorus removal process in granular sludge system, with the effect of denitrification and phosphorus removal, we reveal the mechanism of denitrification and phosphorus removal from the micro level. Through this research, we can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the application of the denitrifying phosphorus removal granular sludge process.

反硝化除磷颗粒污泥技术是近来兴起的一种经济、高效的新型同步生物脱氮除磷技术，具有很好的应用与发展前景。但目前还存在系统启动时间较长、颗粒化稳定运行机制及关键因素尚不明确等问题。同时对于颗粒污泥中微生物菌群结构功能等生物学特性及基于此的反硝化除磷机理也还存在许多空白。本项目拟探索反硝化除磷颗粒污泥工艺快速启动策略，阐明反硝化除磷污泥颗粒化聚集和稳定运行机制及关键因素，并利用分子生物学技术研究不同环境条件下微生物菌群结构组成同颗粒污泥特性及脱氮除磷效果之间的构效关系，优化反应器运行条件。同时基于纯培养方法，从系统中筛选出反硝化除磷菌种，编码其关键酶功能基因。定量分析系统反硝化和除磷过程关键功能基因，并将其与脱氮除磷效果进行关联，从微观层面揭示系统的反硝化和除磷机理。通过本课题的研究，可为反硝化除磷颗粒污泥工艺的实际应用提供理论基础和技术支持。

颗粒污泥系统启动周期长和工艺运行稳定性不足一直是限制反硝化除磷颗粒污泥技术实际应用的两大主要问题。本申请课题实现好氧颗粒污泥的快速造粒，同时结合反硝化除磷工艺，在成熟的好氧颗粒污泥中富集反硝化除磷菌，提高反硝化除磷颗粒污泥系统稳定性的同时降低污水处理的能耗，最后从系统中分离筛选得到高效反硝化除磷菌株，并编码其关键酶功能基因。本研究重点探索好氧颗粒污泥及反硝化除磷颗粒污泥快速启动的机制，阐明系统稳定运行的机理和关键控制因素，并利用分子生物学技术研究不同环境条件下微生物菌群结构和污泥特性及脱氮除磷效果之间的构效关系，优化反应器运行条件。具体方法为在SBR反应器中投加黄土微粒实现好氧颗粒污泥强化造粒；继而采用厌氧/好氧/缺氧模式富集反硝化除磷菌，实现反硝化除磷颗粒污泥系统的快速启动；对反硝化除磷颗粒污泥系统的运行条件进行优化，主要研究pH、碳源种类、有机负荷、C/N、C/P等的影响，以及有毒物质苯酚及纳米材料氧化锌纳米颗粒的冲击和长期影响。从污泥特征、去除效果、EPS分泌以及微生物群落变化等方面对系统的稳定性进行了分析和及时调控，构建了长期运行稳定维持调控策略，指导反硝化除磷颗粒污泥系统的快速构建及长期稳定运行。