微波-化学催化耦合体系下大麻非纤维素物质消解机理研究

The crystallinity of the hemp fiber is as high as 62.66%. In the crystalline region, the cellulose molecular chains have high orientation, density and intermolecular forces, which result in low chemical reagent accessibility and low fiber productivity when extracting the hemp fibers by traditional chemical method. By conventional chemical method the non-cellulose substances are effectively removed with the strong alkali and it leads to serious pollution and fibers damage. In this research, microwave assisted chemical method was used to extract the hemp fiber, and the non-cellulose substances in the hemp bast can be effectively digested by the thermal and non-thermal effect of the microwave. Further more, as a kind of catalyst, the sensitizing agent such as BaO2 is added to accelerate the digestion of the non-cellulose substance when treated by microwave. This research further studys the digestion mechanism and accessibility to chemical reagent of the non-cellulose substance, establishes the dynamic equation and the transfer pattern of the microwave energy absorbed by the polar molecule under the microwave field. This work also researchs the catalytic action, synergy effect and the dispersion of the sensitizing agent in the hemp bast, optimizes the fiber microwave assisted extracting technological process. The microwave assisted chemical method gives a high efficient technique with low environmental pollution and provides some theoretical basis for other bast fiber extraction.

大麻纤维结晶度较高（62.66%），结晶区纤维素分子链取向好，密度大，分子间结合力强，对化学试剂的可及度低，利用传统化学方法高效去除非纤维素物质，提高纤维制取率时，则需要剧烈反应条件，且能耗高，污染严重，纤维损伤严重。本课题拟在微波-化学催化耦合体系下，利用微波的热效应、非热效应及"辐敏剂"催化方法对大麻韧皮中非纤维素物质进行消解，制取大麻纤维。研究微波辐照热效应与非热效应对非纤维素物质的消解机理，揭示微波效能提高非纤维素物质对化学试剂可及度的机理，建立微波场作用下极性物质对微波能的解吸传质速率动力学方程与传质理论模型；研究"辐敏剂"对非纤维素物质快速消解的催化作用及增效效应，以及实验研究"辐敏剂"在大麻中均匀分散的方法与效果；优化反应体系与工艺技术，制备出高品质大麻纤维。本项目研究对推动操作简便、快速高效、环境污染小的麻类纤维制取方法与技术发展提供理论依据。

大麻纤维结晶度较高（62.66%），结晶区纤维素分子链取向好，密度大，分子间结合力强，对化学试剂的可及度低，利用传统化学方法高效去除非纤维素物质，提高纤维制取率时，则需要剧烈反应条件，且能耗高，污染严重，纤维损伤严重。本课题采用微波—化学催化耦合消解非纤维素物质制取了大麻纤维，探索了微波辐照热效应与非热效应对非纤维素物质的消解机理，阐明了新型“敏化剂”氧化石墨烯对非纤维素物质快速消解的催化作用及其对非纤维素物质消解过程的增效效应，优化了反应体系与工艺技术，建立了微波—化学催化耦合体系消解非纤维素物质简便、快速、节能、低成本、高产率和环境友好的制取大麻纤维的方法，为其应用提供实验和理论依据。同时，在新型天然纤维资源利用、功能性石墨烯纤维新材料等领域开展了系列相关性研究。到目前为止，在大麻纤维非纤维素物质消解、新型天然纤维资源利用、功能性石墨烯纤维新材料等领域发表项目标注SCI论文25篇，授权发明专利12项。