面向玻色采样量子计算的光子探测技术研究

Quantum computation is a frontier research, which attracts a lot of academic attention, since its ability in the factorization of large numbers with exponential acceleration compared with classical computation. However, limited by decoherence phenomena, humans have not yet achieved the universal quantum computer. The powerful computing ability of quantum computing still not yet been proved by experiments. The latest research shows, Boson sampling problem belongs to the problem of classical computing theory, but easy to use quantum computing system, is expected to become an important example of verification of quantum computation beyond the classical computational ability. Quantum sampling problem in solving the Boson computational experiments, photon detector is the key component of the computing system, efficient photon detection with photon number distinguishable is one of the key techniques in the experiment. The experimental system of the project for the Boson sampling of quantum computation will propose a new photon detection method to find a breakthrough and win the world competition in the study of Boson sampling in quantum system. The project will focus on superconducting carbon nanotubes and graphene photon detector, verification of carbon based materials in low temperature environment as the rationality of photon detector, the detector optimization in Boson sampling quantum computing absorption efficiency photon applicable frequency under the influence of sampling experiment, exploration of boson photon detection technology, provide powerful support for the ultimate realization of universal quantum computing.

量子计算在大数质因子分解等问题上相比经典计算具有指数加速，是学术界广泛关注的前沿研究。然而，受限于退相干等物理现象，人类至今尚未实现通用量子计算机，无法实证量子计算的强大计算能力。最新研究表明，玻色采样问题属于经典计算的难题，理论上却容易使用量子计算系统实现，有望成为验证量子计算超越经典计算计算能力的重要典范。在实现求解玻色采样问题的量子计算实验中，光子探测器是该计算系统的核心部件，光子数可区分的高效率光子探测是其中最关键的技术之一。本项目面向玻色采样量子计算的实验系统，提出一种新的光子探测方法，期望在研究玻色采样量子系统这场世界竞赛中找到突破。本项目将聚焦超导碳纳米管和石墨烯光子探测器的研究，验证碳基材料在低温环境下作为光子探测器的合理性，优化该类探测器在玻色采样量子计算适用频段下的光子吸收效率，探索光子探测技术对玻色采样实验的影响，为未来基于光量子态量子计算的最终实现提供强有力的支撑。

量子计算在大数质因子分解等问题上相比经典计算具有指数加速，是学术界广泛关注的前沿研究。然而，受限于退相干等物理现象，人类至今尚未实现通用量子计算机，无法实证量子计算的强大计算能力。2013年至2018年的最新研究表明，玻色采样有望成为验证量子计算超越经典计算能力的重要典范。在实现求解玻色采样问题的量子计算实验中，光子探测器是该计算系统的核心部件，高效率光子探测是其中最关键的技术之一。本项目首次提出了基于碳纳米管和石墨烯研究低温超导光子探测器碳基材料光学电学性能的理论优越性，分析了材料结构规整、吸光频率可调、以及导热率大等各种属性，调研了当前主流基于超导纳米线单光子探测器的产品性能，制备了具有特定属性的碳基材料，间接支持了采用上述材料用于低温超导光子探测器的可行性，更进一步地，搭建了光量子探测实验平台，尝试了将量子算法的某种特殊步骤映射到对光波导芯片实施探测的某类特殊操作上来，验证了特有的玻色采样模型及其对应量子漫步算法的可用性，肯定了本项目四年前曾经提出的前瞻研究思路，对后续量子计算的科学研究具有启发作用。.