车联网车路协同环境下安全与隐私保护研究

With the rapid development of vehicular network technology come the challenges of how to tackle the problem of security preservation and to meet the requirement of the privacy protection. Due to the large scale of vehicular network, high dynamic of topology, openness of wireless communication channel and easy tracking of mobile vehicles, existing mechanisms of security preservation and privacy protection cannot be directly utilized. This project situates in an environment of vehicle-road coordinating network, where On Board Unit (OBU) and Road Side Unit (RSU) coexist. The research would take into consideration differences of OBU and RSU regarding their capacities of storage, computing and wireless communication, and would focus mainly on vehicular security preservation and privacy protection from three aspects: message authentication, security access and data security at physical layer. Detailed contents and innovation of this research include:.(1)Design of a message authentication mechanism based on RSU aiding ring signature technique, which shall realize rapid anonymous authentication of OBU message; .(2)Design of a secure access mechanism based on the secret process of dynamic session, which shall realize secure access and handover between OBU and RSU;.(3)Design of a cooperative jamming mechanism at physical layer using characteristics of wireless signal interference among communication units, to ensure data security between OBU and RSU at physical layer.

车联网的迅猛发展亟待解决安全与隐私保护问题。然而由于车联网网络规模大、拓扑变化快、无线信道开放、移动轨迹可预见等原因，车联网单元无法利用现有安全和隐私保护机制。本项目面向车联网中车载单元（OBU）与路边单元（RSU）共存的车路协同网络环境，结合OBU与RSU在存储能力、计算能力、无线收发能力、隐私保护要求等方面的差异性，重点从消息认证、安全接入以及物理层数据安全三大方面对车联网安全与隐私保护的主要问题进行研究。具体研究内容及创新点包括：.(1)以RSU辅助环签名技术为出发点设计一种OBU消息认证机制，实现OBU消息的快速匿名认证；.(2)基于动态会话秘密过程设计一种RSU安全接入机制，实现OBU、RSU之间的安全接入与切换；.(3)利用通信单元间的无线信号干扰特性设计一种物理层协同干扰机制，消除通信信息泄露隐患，保证OBU、RSU之间的物理层数据安全。

车路协同环境下的安全与隐私保护问题是车联网通信亟待解决的关键问题。本项目面向车载单元(OBU)与路边单元(RSU)共存的车路协同环境，对车联网安全与隐私保护问题进行分层分析，从消息认证、安全接入以及物理层数据安全三个方面对安全与隐私保护问题开展深入研究，主要研究内容及成果包括：.（1）设计了考虑OBU隐私敏感度和用户属性的RSU辅助快速匿名认证方案，制定了基于混沌粒子群优化算法的节点分簇策略。实现了OBU消息的快速、稳定、匿名认证。.（2）提出了基于变色龙哈希函数的密钥协商机制，设计了基于概率计数的异常用户检测策略，制定了协同轨迹模糊方案。实现了OBU与RSU之间的安全接入。.（3）考虑能耗制定了物理层自适应协同干扰机制，提出了OBU物理层数据包传输时长预测方案。实现了车联网物理层信息泄露隐患消除。.本项目中的研究充分结合OBU与RSU在存储能力、计算能力以及无线收发能力方面的差异性。实验结果表明，与传统的安全与隐私保护方案相比，所提方案在时延、存储占用、计算开销以及通信开销方面获得了较好的综合表现，能够更好的实现消息认证、安全接入并消除物理层信息泄露隐患。本项目的研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值，研究内容丰富和优化了现有车联网安全架构，进一步健全了车联网研究体系，为推动车联网技术走向应用提供了重要的理论参考和技术支撑。