面向多质量特性控制的电动汽车轮毂电机电磁热耦合机理及建模理论研究

For the future urban road traffic, miniaturized and lightweight electric vehicles with energy saving and environmental protection will have an extensive market prospects. Driving motor adopted in-wheel motor structure form is beneficial to motorization, lightweight, integration and structural reasonable arrangement for electric vehicles. However, as the three quality characteristics of in-wheel motor, efficiency, reliability and life are key factors to restrict the technical level and core competitiveness of in-wheel motor in china. In this project, in-wheel motor of electric vehicle is regarded as the study object, the internal relations of electric field, magnetic field and temperature field are regarded as the main line, improving synthetically the three key quality characteristics of efficiency, reliability and life of in-wheel motor are regarded as the study goal, structural optimization design and field-circuit coupling study are regarded as the breakthrough point. It is to solve the coupled equations of electromagnetic field, temperature field, open circuit and in-wheel motor motion. Control equations of incremental steps alternating solving multiple fields are calculated and analyzed. A comprehensive electromagnetic heat coupling calculation model of in-wheel motor is established. Calculation results are verified by bench test to illustrate heat loss principle and uncover internal mechanism of electromagnetic heat coupling field for in-wheel motor. This project will put forward a complete set of integrated modeling method and coupling algorithm of electromagnetic heat coupling of in-wheel motor, which can provide theoretical and enabling technical support for improving in-wheel motor quality of electric vehicles in China.

在未来城市道路交通中，微型化、轻量化、节能环保的电动汽车具有广阔的市场前景。驱动电机置于车轮内部的轮毂电机结构形式，有利于电动汽车的电动化、集成化和结构布置合理化。然而轮毂电机的效率、可靠性和寿命三个质量特性是制约我国轮毂电机技术水平和核心竞争力的关键因素。为此本项目以电动汽车轮毂电机为研究对象，以电场、磁场和热场的内在联系为主线，以综合提高效率、可靠性和寿命三个关键质量特性为研究目标，以电磁结构优化设计和场路耦合研究为切入点，联立求解轮毂电机的电磁场方程、温度场方程、外电路方程和电机运动方程，计算分析增量步内交替求解多个场的控制方程，建立轮毂电机电磁热耦合综合计算模型，通过台架试验予以验证，阐明轮毂电机热损耗产生原理，揭示轮毂电机电磁热耦合场内在机理，提出一套完整的轮毂电机电磁热耦合综合建模方法和耦合求解算法，为提高我国电动汽车轮毂电机品质提供理论和使能技术支撑。

为了早日实现汽车电动化、智能化和轻量化，大力推进汽车驱动技术的革命就显得紧迫和具有现实意义。驱动电机置于车轮内部的轮毂电机结构形式的电动汽车，具有整车轻量化、电动化、集成化、结构布置合理化和驱动灵敏度高等优点。但轮毂电机驱动汽车时易导致轮毂电机热损耗增加、散热受限、温升过高等问题，容易造成轮毂电机永磁体失磁、传感器失效等现象，进而导致电动汽车轮毂电机的效率降低，可靠性下降，甚至不能正常工作，严重缩短使用寿命。针对这些问题，本项目组提出面向多质量特性控制的电动汽车轮毂电机电磁热耦合机理及建模理论研究。. 本项目组以电动汽车轮毂电机为研究对象，深入分析研究了轮毂电机电场、磁场和热场的内在联系，开展了基于汽车动力学方程的轮毂电机电磁结构优化设计研究，确定了轮毂电机基本结构和性能参数；确定了轮毂电机场路耦合建模原则，建立了轮毂电机电磁磁场场路耦合模型，建立了其映射关系模型，联立求解了轮毂电机的电磁场方程、外电路方程和电机运动方程，计算分析了增量步内交替求解多个场的控制方程，分析研究了轮毂电机内部复杂静态和瞬态磁场以及工作特性对效率、可靠性和寿命的影响等。构建了一个轮毂电机“HTSWM损耗网”，分析了“元单元”热损耗计算及质量特性控制机理，联立建立了轮毂电机交变、旋转和涡流等磁场的热损耗综合计算模型，计算分析了轮毂电机内部复杂热源分布及影响因素，揭示了热损耗产生原理，提出了质量特性控制的措施。建立了轮毂电机电磁热耦合综合计算模型并进行了解耦计算，揭示了轮毂电机电磁热耦合场内在机理。圆满完成了项目计划书中的全部内容，达到并超过了预期目标，在国内外SCI或EI期刊发表论文12篇，申请或授权国家专利11项，直接培养硕士研究生7名。提出了一套完整的轮毂电机电磁热耦合综合建模方法和耦合求解算法，为提高我国电动汽车轮毂电机的效率、可靠性和寿命，具有重要理论意义和实用价值。