智慧城市桥梁安全预警与防护基础理论与关键技术

Since bridges are the key points in city infrastructure scheme, it’s highly important to ensure their safety. However, numerous disasters of bridge collapses often occur, heavily threating people’s safety and daily activities. Thus, it is of significant research interest and engineering urgency to set up a smart urban bridge safety alarming and protection system, based on modern information and communication technology. This project is to carry out an integrated research on bridge failure mechanism, monitoring, safety alarming, and protection of typical urban bridges, including cable-stayed bridges, arch bridges and beam bridges, by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, experiment verification, field test, software and hardware development and engineering demonstration. The research contents include (i) investigation of the bridges’ failure mechanism under multi-hazards of earthquake, typhoon and overloading traffic based on vector form intrinsic finite element (VIFIE) method and cloud computing, (ii) bridge component damage monitoring based on guided wave and elasto-magnetic technologies and bridge overall performance monitoring by wireless sensing, (iii) bridge safety alarming based on the fusion of the big data of monitoring system and of numerical model analysis, (iv) bridge protection based on the cloud wisdom and structure control technology, and (v) construction of a cloud platform for bridge alarming and protection system. Though this project, the basic theories and key technologies will be established for bridge safety alarming and protection towards a smart city based on cloud computing, internet of thing (IoT) and big data, the corresponding instruments and systems will developed, and the engineering applications will be carried out, to provide research foundation and technical support to construction of bridge safety and protection towards a smart city.

桥梁为城市交通基础设施的重要节点，确保其安全具有重要意义。然而，桥梁倒塌事件频发，对人民生命安全和生产生活造成严重威胁。利用现代信息与通信技术，构建智慧城市桥梁安全预警与防护系统，具有重要的研究价值和紧迫的工程需求。本课题针对典型城市桥梁（斜拉桥、拱桥、梁桥），通过理论分析、数值模拟、实验研究、现场测试、软硬件开发，以及工程示范，开展基于云平台的桥梁灾变机理-监测-预警-防护一体化研究，内容包括：基于向量式有限元与云计算的地震、强风、重载多灾害桥梁灾变机理、基于导波和磁弹技术的桥梁区域损伤监测与基于无线传输的整体性能监测、基于监测大数据和模型分析融合的安全预警、基于云智慧和振动控制的安全防护，以及桥梁安防云平台开发, 形成基于云计算、物联网与大数据的智慧城市桥梁安全预警与防护基础理论与技术体系，开发相应的仪器、系统和云平台，并进行工程示范，为智慧城市桥梁安全防护提供研究基础和技术支撑。

桥梁倒塌造成巨大经济社会损失，保障桥梁安全是国家重大需求。尚存在大变形及损伤模拟技术欠佳，钢索束绝对应力难以监测，以及难以实现实时灾变预警和快速应急处置等瓶颈问题。本项目建立了灾变模拟-监测预警-减振控制一体化理论方法和软硬件平台。创新如下：. 1. 发展了向量式有限元方法，实现了桥梁的倒塌全过程模拟、风-车-桥动力耦合分析和列车脱轨模拟、裂缝扩展模拟；建立了基于FPGA和向量式有限元的实时混合模拟方法与平台。为桥梁灾变机理揭示、结构性能评估、安全预警及防护提供了基础理论、数值模拟和研究测试平台。. 2. 提出了智能磁电层合材料与磁弹效应原理相结合的钢索束绝对应力监测方法，实现了在役钢索束绝对应力的高精度监测，相对误差小于1%；开展了基于磁致伸缩超声导波的局部损伤检测，可精确检测拉索断丝与锈蚀、螺栓松动，为局部隐蔽病害检测提供了技术支撑；提出了空间频率信息或自然激励信号递归图结合深度学习的损伤监测方法，为结构构件损伤与定位提供了智能化监测手段。. 3. 提出了评价拉索-阻尼器系统阻尼比的普适性公式，建立了斜拉索减振外置式阻尼器的实用设计方法；发现了阻尼比可提高拉索参数振动的临界激励幅值；发明了用于拉索振动控制的自阻尼自监测智能磁流变阻尼器和磁流变式惯性质量阻尼器。为基于振动控制的桥梁安全防护提供了新方法。 . 4. 创建了基于监测数据和向量式有限元模型分析双驱动的桥梁安全预警与防护云平台系统，为智慧城市桥梁安全预警与评估提供了重要的技术支撑。.共申请发明专利20项（已授权9项），获软件著作权2项，主/参编技术标准3部，发表高水平学术论文30余篇。成果已成功应用于棋盘洲长江大桥、卡塔尔2022世界杯足球赛主体育场等重大工程。牵头获中国公路学会科学技术一等奖、教育部科技进步二等奖等奖励。咨询专家组认为：项目组全面完成计划，成果创新性突出，总体达到国际先进水平，其中钢索束绝对应力监测技术的测量精度达到国际领先。