微酸性电解水雾化模型构建及其对蛋鸡舍空气净化的机理研究

Airborne bacteria and dust in livestock are harmful to animals and humans, and responsible for the disease transmission from the livestock industry.Spraying slightly acidic electrolyzed water has been considered as a novel approach to reduce airborne bacteria and dust levels in laying-hen houses and their emissions.Howerver, limited information is avaliable about the spray properties and the mechanism of airborne dust and bacterial reduction by spraying slightly acidic electrolyzed water. In this study,the size and velocity distributions of the droplets will be measured based on the interferometric laser imaging technology. The loss of avaliable chlorine after spraying and airborne bacterial reduction by spraying slightly acidic electrolyzed water will be investigated in under laboratory environments. To figure out the corelation of airborne dust and bacteria and the connection between airborne bacterial reduction and airborne dust reduction by spraying slightly acidic electrolyzed water,the airborne bacteria concentrations and dust levels will be measured in different size ranges before and after spraying in an experimental laying-hen setting. The outcomes of these studies will contribute to optimize the application of spraying slightly acidic electrolyzed water on reduction of the airborne dust and bacteria in livestock buildings. Spraying slightly acidic electrolyzed water will be promoted as a novel environment-friendly approach to reduce airborne dust and bacteria in laying-hen houses and their emissions to the environment.

畜牧业生产中粉尘和微生物的空气污染危害人、畜健康，也是造成病原微生物传播的重要因素。微酸性电解水喷雾是一种新型的鸡舍降尘和除菌，减少空气污染物排放的技术。目前，对微酸性电解水的雾化模型以及微酸性电解水喷雾对粉尘和微生物气溶胶的作用机制等基础问题还缺乏系统的研究。本项目旨在利用激光干涉三维成像测量技术研究微酸性电解水雾化的空间分布和动力学模型，探索雾化对微酸性电解水有效氯的影响规律；构建微酸性电解水喷雾对微生物气溶胶的作用模型，蛋鸡舍空气中微生物和粉尘的数量关系模型以及微酸性电解水喷雾净化粉尘和微生物的关系模型，探讨微酸性电解水喷雾对空气污染物的减排作用机制，为微酸性电解水喷雾技术的优化，以及蛋鸡养殖空气环境的净化和减排提供理论依据和技术基础，从而为实现蛋鸡健康养殖和减少空气环境污染提供新的途径。

畜禽养殖业生产过程中产生的空气颗粒物和微生物危害人畜健康和场区生物安全，更会造成病原微生物的传播。微酸性电解水喷雾是一种新型的鸡舍降尘除菌、减少空气污染物排放的技术。该项目开展了基于激光干涉三维成像技术的微酸性电解水喷雾和有效氯消散模型研究，在蛋鸡舍空气粉尘和微生物关系研究的基础上，通过模拟试验和现场试验进行了微酸性电解水喷雾净化空气粉尘和微生物关系模型，空气污染物减排机制研究。主要研究结果如下：（1）建立了激光干涉三维成像系统和畜禽场空气污染物采样系统；（2）基于液体单相流喷雾的实心锥喷头和空心锥喷头，喷雾粒径同喷雾压力增大而减小，微酸性电解水有效氯消散同雾滴粒径减小而增大，同喷雾距离增大而增大；（3）不同喷雾添加下的杀菌效果试验研究结果表明微酸性电解水雾粒中值粒径为60-90 μm时效果较好；（4）立体散养实验鸡舍内空气中绝大部分数量的粉尘颗粒存在于粒径小于10 µm的区间内，而绝大部分质量的粉尘颗粒存在于粒径大于2.5 µm的区间内，舍内空气微生物绝大部分存在于粒径大于3.3 µm的区间内，立体散养鸡舍内空气中粉尘质量浓度越高，微生物浓度越高，二者呈正相关线性关系（R2=0.74）；（5）相比喷水和不喷雾，微酸性电解水喷雾能够显著降低空气微生物浓度，但是在0.65-2.1 μm的小粒径范围内作用较弱，微酸性电解水降低空气微生物浓度主要是由于其高效杀菌作用，而不是雾粒的降尘作用。（6）微酸性电解水喷雾可以有效降低鸡舍内的空气微生物浓度，且对鸡舍排出空气的净化作用显著，其净化效率随风速增加而降低，随喷雾量增加而增大。本项目研究结果为微酸性电解水喷雾技术的优化，以及蛋鸡养殖空气环境的净化和减排提供理论依据和技术基础，从而为实现蛋鸡健康养殖和减少空气环境污染提供新的途径。