基于重分析方法的大型风电叶片高效交互式优化设计方法研究

Personality and diversity have become new design features of modern large-scale wind turbine blades. However, the convergence of aerodynamic and structural solution for wind turbine blade has low efficiency and costs too much time, which makes it difficult to meet the new requirement of large wind turbine blade design. Therefore, this project proposes an efficient and interactive optimization design method for large wind turbine blades based on the reanalysis method, which combines theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Firstly, this project probes into the influence of blade structure deformation characteristics and structure deformation on three-dimensional aerodynamic characteristics under aerodynamic load, based on the coupling mechanism of aerodynamic and structure of large wind turbine blades. Secondly, the introduction of reanalysis method has improved the FEA simulation efficiency by dimensionality reduction. Thirdly, the aerodynamic-structure serial pattern will be modified as a parallel pattern, due to the proposed of "dynamic parameter pool" which is used to realize the free access of parameters of aerodynamic and structure calculation process. In addition, for the purpose of eliminating the time for model generation, the grid model is generated directly by geometrical parameters, instead of the traditional way like “geometry model to grid model”. This novel high efficiency and interactive optimization design method for large-scale wind turbine blades will be of significant meaning to enrich the design method of large wind turbine blades and improve the design efficiency, as well as promoting the development of wind power industry.

大型风电叶片个性化和多样化设计是现代大型风电叶片设计新特征。然而，传统的风电叶片气动与结构迭代收敛设计效率低、周期长，已难以满足当前大型风电叶片设计的新需求。为此，本项目提出基于重分析方法的大型风电叶片高效交互式优化设计思想，理论分析和数值仿真相结合，从大型风电叶片气动与结构耦合机制分析出发，探索气动载荷作用下叶片结构变形特征、以及结构变形对三维气动特性影响；引入“重分析”方法从降维的角度提高风电叶片有限元计算效率；通过“动态参数池”实现气动与结构计算过程参数自由存取，改“气动—结构”串行设计为并行设计；在气动与结构迭代计算过程中，将网格模型产生方式从“由几何模型至网格模型”变为由几何参数直接产生，省去模型生成时间。通过项目研究，形成新的大型风电叶片气动与结构交互式高效设计方法，这对于丰富大型风电叶片设计方法、提高设计效率，促进风电产业的发展均具有十分重要的意义。

面向国家碳达峰、碳中和“30·60”目标需求，具有大规模推广应用前景的风能产业发展迅猛，但现有的风电叶片气动与结构“串行式”优化设计迭代收敛设计效率低、周期长，已难以满足当前大型风电叶片设计的新需求。项目以美国能源局5MW风电叶片为例，基于“理论驱动”与“工程驱动”，统计分析了风电叶片气动与结构参数特征，挖掘了叶片气动与结构参数之间的工程约束关系，构建了多源驱动下的大型风电叶片气动与结构全参数化模型；建立了超长型风电叶片周期性、非周期性、单叶片、多叶片、旋转坐标系、多重参考系等气动模型，比较了叶片气动性能的计算精度与计算效率，节约了叶片气动与结构迭代分析时长；利用CATIA、MATLAB、ICEM和FLUENT等平台，搭建了大型风电叶片CAD\CAE（含CFD）一体化分析平台，探索了气动载荷作用下叶片结构变形特征，研究了气动设计参数对叶片结构性能的影响；引入组合近似法，结合叶片全参数化模型建立了“修改模型”与“参照模型”两者网格映射关系，建立了大型风电叶片有限元网格“重分析”降维策略，生成了大型风电叶片有限元缩减模型，搭建了大型风电机组叶片结构高效分析软件平台，通过叶片铺层厚度变化验证了该方法的有效性；基于全参数化模型开展了风电叶片参数识别与分类分析，获得了参数组与叶片性能的关系矩阵，建立了参数组与叶片气动与结构性能的“参数链”链接关系，利用多学科优化设计方法，构造了系统级、气动与结构并行级子系统，建立了大型风电叶片气动与结构“并行式”优化策略，并以叶片弦长、桨距角、梁帽碳纤维铺层等参数为优化设计变量，提高了风电叶片气动与结构性能，验证了该方法的有效性。项目成果提高了大型风电机组气动、结构分析及其优化设计的计算效率，丰富了大型风电叶片气动与结构优化设计方法，对促进风电产业的发展具有十分重要的意义。