Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a member of MHC-I family and acts as lipid mobilizing factor which can promote β oxidation of fatty acids and ketogenesis. ZAG exists in brain tissues and cerebrospinal fluid. Our previous research found it can be synthesized in neurons and decreased in brain tissues of both patients and animal models of epilepsy for the first time, while its roles in neurons and epilepsy remain to be clarified. Recent studies have identified fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis in neurons, and ketone bodies were known with anti-epileptic effect by multiple mechanisms. Based on previous reports, we speculate that, in neurons, ZAG expression were regulated by SGLT2-PPARγ pathway, and ZAG modulates fatty acid metabolism and ketogenesis via promoting the expression of adiponectin. As SGLT2, PPARγ and adiponectin have significant roles in epileptogenesis and were considered as therapeutic targets of epilepsy, it is possible that SGLT2-PPARγ-ZAG-adiponectin pathway influences epilepsy by regulating fatty acid metabolism and ketogenesis in neurons. This study is designed to validate the SGLT2-PPARγ-ZAG-adiponectin pathway in neurons and explore its role in neuronal metabolism of fatty acids, ketogenesis and epileptogenesis both in vivo and in vitro.
锌-α2-糖蛋白(ZAG)是有脂肪动员因子作用的MHC-I类分子,其促进脂肪酸β氧化和酮体生成。ZAG在脑组织和脑脊液中存在,我们先前首次证实ZAG可于神经元中合成,且在癫痫患者和动物模型脑组织中明显降低。但ZAG在神经元中的功能尚不清楚。新近研究证实神经元可氧化脂肪酸生成酮体,而酮体可通过多种机制发挥抗癫痫作用。总结既往研究,我们推测神经元中ZAG受SGLT2-PPARγ调节,并通过Adiponectin调节脂肪酸代谢和酮体生成。由于SGLT2、PPARγ和Adiponectin均参与癫痫形成。因此神经元中SGLT2-PPARγ-ZAG-Adiponectin通路可能通过调节脂肪酸代谢和酮体生成参与癫痫形成。本课题拟通过离体和在体实验验证神经元中SGLT2-PPARγ-ZAG-Adiponectin通路的存在,探索该通路在神经元脂肪酸代谢、酮体生成和癫痫形成中的作用。
本研究通过在大鼠癫痫模型及原代培养大鼠神经元癫痫模型中利用慢病毒过表达/敲低AZGP1基因的表达水平调控ZAG表达水平,并进一步研究发现:1.癫痫可能通过抑制PPARγ的表达,导致PPARγ更少地结合于AZGP1基因启动子区域,从而抑制ZAG的表达;2.ZAG可以借助HSC70转导进入线粒体,并通过与线粒体中的HADHB结合,调控HADHB对脂肪酸的代谢活性,并影响酮体生成。癫痫中ZAG降低可导致线粒体中ZAG减少,从而导致线粒体脂肪酸代谢和酮体生成出现障碍,降低神经元内的酮体水平;3.ZAG可通过结合IGF1R并调节其分布和磷酸化从而影响IGF1R活性,而IGF1R则可调节GLUT3在神经元中的表达,从而调节神经元的葡萄糖摄取。癫痫中ZAG水平降低可通过这一机制导致神经元葡萄糖摄取减少;4.神经元中ZAG表达还受到胰岛素通过IGF1R发挥的调节作用;5.ZAG具有抗癫痫、延缓癫痫形成、改善癫痫脑电异常、减轻癫痫导致的神经元氧化应激和炎症反应等作用。通过本研究,我们发现ZAG在癫痫形成和癫痫损害中发挥了重要的代谢调节作用,其可能通过影响神经元葡萄糖代谢和脂肪酸代谢两个方面影响神经元的能量供应,并参与到癫痫形成和癫痫损害的各方面,同时ZAG在癫痫模型中还表现出了抗炎、抗氧化应激等作用。我们据此推测ZAG可能是癫痫形成和癫痫损害中重要的代谢相关因子,并可以成为癫痫预防和干预治疗的靶点。.本课题自开始执行以来,发表SCI学术论文18篇,中文学术论文4篇,资助的学术论文在中华医学会神经病学分会学术会议上交流多次。其中,SCI学术论文最高影响因子8.694,影响因子5以上的SCI学术论文共5篇,SCI学术论文总被引次数95次。共培养博士研究生1名,硕士研究生11名。其中共有硕士研究生2人获得国家奖学金,硕士研究生5人获得重庆医科大学优秀硕士毕业论文奖励。同时,本课题还资助重庆医科大学附属第二医院神经内科刘熙主治医师开展前期研究,并在此前期研究基础之上申请并获得国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目1项,重庆市自然科学金面上项目1项。.本课题截至2021年12月31日,共使用经费27.47万元,结余经费26.53万元,结余比例40.94%。
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