种子产量如何影响昆虫寄生以及鼠类选择和扩散种子？

The coevolutionary relation between insects, rodents and plant seeds has always been a major focus of ecologists. At present, the research in this field is not comprehensive and systematic, how seed production affects insects parasitism, seed selection and dispersal by rodents has not yet received sufficient experimental evidence in Qinling Mountains, and further research is needed. Therefore, this study will be conducted in the Foping National Nature Reserve of the Qinling Mountains, and sympatric Fagaceae plants, insects (Weevil) and forest rodents as research objects. Through field investigation and laboratory experiments, we will systematically study the change law of seed production, determine the relationship between insects parasitism and seed production, illuminate the relationship between insects parasitism and seed characteristics, and the effects of insects parasitism on the germination rate of seeds, and also clear the effects of seed production on seed selection and dispersal by rodents. The significance of this study is to reveal the predation and reciprocity relationship among insects, rodents and seeds, understand the role of insects parasitism and rodent dispersal seeds in plant regeneration, and can also enrich and improve the theory of coevolution between plants and animals.

昆虫-鼠类-植物种子间协同进化关系一直是生态学家关注的热点问题。目前，对这一领域的研究还不够全面和系统，秦岭地区种子产量如何影响昆虫寄生以及鼠类选择和扩散种子的研究还缺乏足够的实验证据，有待进一步深入研究。因此，本项目拟选取秦岭南坡佛坪国家级自然保护区为研究地点，以该地区同域分布的壳斗科植物种子、昆虫（橡虫）和森林鼠类作为研究对象，通过野外调查结合室内实验，深入系统研究不同壳斗科植物种子产量年际变化规律，阐明种子虫蛀率与种子产量间关系；明确昆虫寄生与种子特征间关系，及昆虫寄生对种子萌发率的影响；阐明种子产量对鼠类选择和扩散种子的影响。本研究的重要性和意义在于揭示昆虫-鼠类-植物种子间捕食-互惠的协同进化关系，了解昆虫寄生和鼠类扩散种子在植物更新中的作用，同时也助于丰富动植物协同进化的理论。

为了深入研究秦岭地区种子产量如何影响昆虫寄生以及鼠类选择和扩散种子，本研究以该地区常见的4种壳斗科植物种子、种子重要捕食者（昆虫和鼠类）作为研究对象，通过野外调查结合室内实验，明确不同壳斗科植物种子雨及产量年际变化规律；明确昆虫寄生选择偏好及昆虫寄生对种子萌发率的影响；明确种子产量对鼠类选择和扩散种子的影响，主要结论如下：.（1）4种种子的种子雨下落过程持续3个月左右，主要经历了种子下落起始期，高峰期和结束期，其中板栗种子雨的起始期晚于其他3种种子，而高峰期和结束期早于其他3种种子；这4种种子均存在种子产量大小年现象。.（2）寄生在这4种种子内的昆虫种类主要为象甲科和小卷蛾科昆虫；昆虫寄生在种子内会大量吸取种子营养物质，降低了其营养价值和重量；昆虫有选择寄生在大种子和种壳较薄种子的偏好。.（3）板栗种子具有休眠期，在采种当年不会萌发，需经过休眠期才会萌发，而锐齿槲栎，栓皮栎和短柄枹栎这3种种子只要遇到适宜的萌发条件就会萌发；这4种完好种子的萌发率均显著高于虫蛀种子，说明昆虫蛀蚀对种子的萌发有重要影响。.（4）在该研究区域森林鼠类可以准确地鉴别这4种完好种子和虫蛀种子；鼠类对完好种子的扩散速度明显快于虫蛀种子，选择更多的消耗（尤其是原地取食）虫蛀种子而贮藏更多的完好种子。食物丰富度对鼠类捕食和扩散种子策略也有重要影响，种子歉收年促进了鼠类对这4种种子的扩散速度，提高了鼠类对种子的消耗量（尤其是原地取食量更为明显），而种子结实丰收年促进了鼠类对种子的贮藏量，尤其是完好种子的贮藏，这对促进种子萌发和植物更新具有重要的影响。. 依托本项目的实施和经费的资助，共发表学术论文5篇，其中SCI论文4篇，中文核心论文1篇，授权2项国家发明专利，1篇论文获得陕西省自然科学优秀论文三等奖。