The vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) is mainly characterized by higher oxygen content, which inhibits the anaerobic denitrification process driven by the denitrifying bacteria, but is probably favored to the fungal denitrification with the extensive adaption to oxygen. Nonetheless, the dynamic pattern for the fungal denitrification, and its nitrogen removal effect have not been clear in the special VFCW environment. Based on this, this program will design a series of experimental cases against the vertical flow constructed wetland using antibiotics as the selective inhibition means adopted generally by international researchers. Meanwhile, some advanced techniques such as 18S rDNA PCR-DGGE profiles, gene sequencing, gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-IRMS) will be applied into the current study as well. Objectives of the current study are: (1) to evaluate the dynamic patterns of the fungal community composition with the denitrifying potential, fungal denitrification and its codenitrification in the VFCWs; (2)to test the relative contributions of the fungal denitrification and its codenitrification to total denitrification and total nitrogen removal in the VFCWs; (3) to find out the key factors for influencing the fungal denitrification and its codenitrification in the VFCWs; (4) to explore the manipulative scheme for improving the fungal denitrification and its codenitrification in VFCWs. Once the program is carried out, the obtained results or findings are not only favored to widening the insight of people into the fungal denitrification, and contribute greatly to the nitrogen cycling theory, but also more importantly, we especially hope that a new way for improving further the nitrogen removal efficiency of the constructed wetland will be possibly established.
垂直流人工湿地以好氧条件为主,限制了细菌主导的厌氧反硝化作用,但对于具有广泛氧适应性的真菌反硝化作用可能有利。然而在这种特定的人工湿地环境中,真菌反硝化作用的发生规律及其脱氮效应却一直不清楚。基于此,本项目依托垂直流人工湿地,采用国际上通用的抗生素选择性抑制手段,设计了一系列实验方案。同时借助于18S rDNA PCR-DGGE指纹、基因测序、气相色谱-同位素比质谱等技术,分别研究:(1)反硝化真菌群落组成、真菌反硝化作用及其共反硝化作用的发生规律;(2)真菌反硝化作用及其共反硝化作用对总反硝化作用和总氮净化的相对贡献;(3) 真菌反硝化作用及其共反硝化作用的关键影响因素;(4) 改善真菌反硝化作用及其共反硝化作用的调控方案。本项目的实施不仅有助于进一步拓展人们对真菌反硝化作用的认识,并对氮循环理论做出新贡献,而且更重要的是,在进一步改善人工湿地氮净化效率方面有望开辟新的途径。
在历时4年的研究过程中,我们建造了120个微宇宙垂直流人工湿地单元(体积=0.45×0.45×1.20m3/单元),并选用了湿地中常用的4种水生植物(黄菖蒲、美人蕉、水葱和伞草)设计了单种栽培与混合栽培两种栽培处理,同时以不栽培处理为对照。目前,我们所取得的研究结果主要为:(1)真菌反硝化过程在垂直流人工湿地中确实存在,且平均值在6.1 ~ 49.8 μg N2O g-1 dw d-1。这一发现表明人工湿地中同时存在着细菌反硝化和真菌反硝化两条反硝化途径;(2)就垂直分布而言,最大真菌反硝化速率主要发生在0-30cm的表层,平均值在0.44 ~ 3.56 μg N2O g-1 dw d-1。(3)真菌反硝化速率的大小不仅依赖于植物栽培与否,而且还依赖于具体的植物种类以及是否混种;(4)细菌和真菌反硝化对总反硝化的贡献分别为16.1–26.0%和14.5–48.5%,但具体大小依赖于植物栽培与否,即在未栽培植物的湿地中,湿地表层真菌反硝化对总反硝化的贡献显著大于细菌反硝化(P < 0.05),但深层真菌反硝化对总反硝化的贡献却小于细菌反硝化(P < 0.05);然而,在栽培的湿地中真菌反硝化对总反硝化的贡献表层大于细菌反硝化(P < 0.05),但深层则差别不明显(P > 0.05)。(5)在影响因素方面,葡萄糖和琥珀酸钠是最能促进湿地真菌反硝化潜力的碳化合物(P < 0.05),亚硝酸钠是最能提高真菌反硝化潜力的氮源(P < 0.05)。与未进行酸碱处理(pH = 6.89)相比,pH = 2.8显著降低了真菌反硝化潜力(P < 0.05),而pH在5.6-8.4范围内真菌反硝化潜力则提高至不同程度。(6)在不同的植物种类栽培之间,美人蕉栽培最能强化湿地真菌反硝化速率。在不同的植物种类多样性水平之间,4种植物混种最大程度地改善了湿地真菌反硝化速率。总之,本项目的实施不仅有助于拓展人们对湿地反硝化作用的全面认识,而且更重要的是,在进一步改善垂直流人工湿地氮净化效率方面有望开辟新的途径。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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