基于UWSNs的近海环境安全实时探测新机理及关键技术

In recent years, the ecological environment of some of China’s territorial waters has deteriorated significantly while protecting them has become more challenging. The long-term periodic and comprehensive environmental detection of offshore waters is critical to ensure the environmental safety and security of our nation and particularly, the Ocean Economy Demonstration Region in Zhou Shan, Zhejiang. This project will construct underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) that will be used as a platform of distributed real-time detection. The platform consists of both fixed and mobile nodes, such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). First, this research will investigate the key technologies of UWSNs-based networking to ensure reliable communications and improve the data throughput. Second, this project will utilize the sensors equipped in the underwater nodes for long-term offshore water parameter monitoring and environmental safety evaluation via multi-sensor fusion. Third, this project will study the detection and tracking of the offshore targets by considering the mobility of AUV in order to estimate the key target parameters, such as position, velocity, acceleration, size, and amount. Finally, this project will design and construct an open experimental system for offshore environmental safety detection. The relevant research will be carried out and the findings of the experiments will be used for the improvement of the theories. In summary, the outcomes of this research will not only explore the mechanism for offshore environmental safety detection but also provide a crucial technical support for advancing the smart ocean strategy in our nation and Zhejiang Province.

近年我国部分海域生态环境恶化、维权形势严峻。对近海海域实施长周期全方位环境安全探测，切合国家海洋环境安全和浙江舟山海洋经济示范区安全保障的重大需求。项目针对近海环境特点，由水下固定节点和移动节点AUV组成水下无线传感器网络(UWSNs)作为分布式实时探测平台。针对该平台的基础设施条件，首先开展水下通信组网关键技术研究，实现UWSNs在满足高吞吐量下的可靠通信；接着，利用UWSNs搭载的各类环境参数传感器，对近海水质进行长周期多参量同步监测，并通过多传感器融合技术实现环境安全等级评估；然后，结合网络布局优化和AUV声源设计，开展近海微弱动目标的分布式协同探测与跟踪技术研究，获取目标的位置和属性等关键参数；最后，构建近海环境安全探测开放式实验系统进行实验研究，根据实验结果优化理论方案。项目的研究成果不仅深入阐释了近海环境安全探测机理，而且为国家和浙江省正在推进的智慧海洋战略提供了关键技术支撑。

近年我国部分海域生态环境恶化、维权形势严峻。对近海海域实施长周期全方位环境安全探测，切合国家海洋环境安全和浙江舟山海洋经济示范区安全保障的重大需求。本项目针对近海环境特点，由水下固定节点和移动节点AUV组成水下无线传感器网络(UWSNs)作为分布式实时探测平台。本项目研究期间，课题组在浙江省近海海域构建符合专业海洋环境监测规范的UWSNs设施，通过理论与实践相结合的手段，深入研究了由水下固定节点、水中移动节点构建的水声传感器网络技术；剖析了UWSNs在近海实现水声通信组网时的技术瓶颈，分析机理并针对不同问题提出了优化解决方案，实现了动态、稳健、高效的组网效果；探索了基于移动节点与固定节点的近海海洋环境参数立体监测技术的水下传感、水下数据采集、移动节点控制等技术，实现了可持续的、广域实时的监测效果；针对近海水下目标的协同探测与跟踪问题，研究了UWSNs最优节点布局新方法，开发了其探测模式的优越性和先进性，实现了高能效、高精度的目标定位与跟踪；通过在试验水池和开放水域中搭建实验平台，课题组对提出的UWSNs组网通信、海洋环境动态监测和多节点协同探测等技术进行了实验验证。本项目组已经按计划完成相应的研究内容，并取得超出预期的成果。发表标注资助号的论文38篇（SCI收录12篇，EI收录16篇）；申请国家发明专利25项（其中授权10项）；参加国际会议11人次；培养博士生3名，硕士生12名；项目负责人在国内高校和科研院所做学术报告6次；项目负责人获得第三届中国自动化学会青年科学家奖，陕西省科学技术奖三等奖和中国自动化学会自然科学一等奖；项目负责人入选教育部长江特聘教授，国家“万人计划”科技创新领军人才、科技部创新人才推进计划中青年科技创新领军人才和江苏省“双创人才计划”；并在本项目研究工作的基础上，项目负责人获得后续国家、省部级资助项目8项。