表面活性剂对巨电流变液结构与性质的影响

In recent years, a new type of Electrorheological (ER) fluid was invented, known as giant electrorheological (GER) fluid and polar molecule dominated electrorheological fluid, whose yield stress can be raised by an order of magnitude or even more. Their high yield stress under low electric field opens up a new opportunity of industrial application for ER fluid. However, the sedimentation and redispersibility problem hinder more extensive application. Based on our investigation of the influence of liquid phase on GER fluid structure and properties, we found that the influence of surfactants on the new ER fluid have not comprehensively studied, especially on GER fluid. Here we propose to improve surface wettability of solid GER particle to dispersing oil by adding different kinds of surfactants, which will leading to the enhancement of anti-sedimentation and redispersibility of the GER fluid and broaden the industrial applications of GER fluid based smart devices. The micro-structure, mechanical properties and stability before and after the surface modification will also be investigated to make clear the physical mechanisms of the surfactants applying on the structure of soft matter under different fields. The output of this project will obtain a significant progress both in scientific research and application perspectives.

近几年，随着巨电流变液和极性型电流变液等低场高屈服强度的新型电流变液的发明，电流变液迎来了一个新的工业化应用契机。但是电流变液的沉降性及再分散性等基础性和应用性问题仍然制约了其广泛应用。鉴于目前表面活性剂对巨电流变液等新型电流变液的研究内容相对零散，本项目在深入研究了不同基液影响巨电流变液结构与性质的工作基础上，拟通过将不同种类的表面活性剂吸附在固液界面，改善颗粒与基液之间的界面浸润性，提高巨电流变液的抗沉降性及再分散性。通过测试表面改性前后巨电流变液的力学性能和稳定性，表征其纳米颗粒的结构与形貌、链状以及柱状微结构，研究少量表面活性剂对巨电流变液微观结构和宏观性质的影响，从而明确表面活性剂对强局域电场下的极性分子取向的影响，阐释少量表面活性剂影响多场作用下的软物质结构与性质的物理机制，具有科学研究和工业化应用双重意义。

近几年，随着巨电流变液和极性型电流变液等低场高屈服强度的新型电流变液的发明，电流变液迎来了一个新的工业化应用契机。但是电流变液的沉降性及再分散性等基础性和应用性问题仍然制约了其广泛应用。本项目分别研究了有机硅聚醚、烷烃及聚二甲基硅氧烷弹性体三种添加剂对巨电流变效应的影响，观察和测试了浸润性不同的添加剂下表面饱和极化效应受到的影响，优化了其浓度及种类，制备出100天静止抗沉降率达96.7%，基本不沉淀的巨电流变液，明确了表面活性剂对强局域电场下的极性分子取向的影响，阐释了表面活性剂影响软物质结构和性质的物理机制，分别在Soft Matter、Journal of Colloid and Interface Science等国际著名期刊发表了SCI论文6篇，编著《软物质的功能智能特性及其应用》专著（“十三五”国家重点出版物，软物质前沿科学丛书， 科学出版社），参编《中国学科发展战略·软凝聚态物理学》（科学出版社），申请巨电流变液相关发明专利3项，最终提高了巨电流变材料的抗沉降性、稳定性、电流变效率，为推广电流变液及其智能器件的应用打下了基础，具有科学研究和工业化应用双重意义。