面向偏振应用的人工微结构一维纳米材料光学元件及特性研究

Nanoscale devices whose design and fabrication base on the alignment of nanomaterials in one, two or three dimension have a promising application in the electro-optic field. Recently, aligned one-dimensional (including quasi-one-dimensional) nanomaterials have caught more and more attention from academia as well as industry due to their excellent polarization properties, large acceptance angle, and stable performance. This proposal, based on photo-alignment technology, would focus on the optical device fabricating by artificial micro-structured one-dimensional nanomaterials/liquid crystals and its characteristics, towards polarization application. Starting from the three most representative one-dimensional nanowire, nanorod, and nanotube structures, the selection rule of one-dimensional nanomaterials’ parameters, the relationship between the anchoring energy of photo-alignment materials and the order parameter of one-dimensional nanomaterials, and the principle of polarized absorption could be revealed. In the mean time, combining with several novel artificial optical micro-structures, alignment of one-dimensional nanomaterials/liquid crystals could be precisely controlled in the micro-area. We would find the mechanism of interaction between one-dimensional nanomaterials and liquid crystals. Moreover, we would locally tune the light through the multi-domain polarization control by one-dimensional nanomaterials in the micro-area. We believe that some interesting optical devices could be obtained in the fields of ultraviolet polarization, near-infrared polarization and polarization navigation sensor, and many related applications are expected.

以纳米粒子结构为单元在一维、二维或三维空间形成有序排列是纳米器件设计和制造的基础，在电光等领域具有很好的应用前景。近年来，有序排列的一维（包含准一维）纳米材料因其具有优异的偏光性能、受光角度大、性能稳定，得到了学术界乃至工业界越来越多的关注。本项目以光取向技术为基础，研究面向偏振应用的人工微结构一维纳米材料/液晶材料光学元器件及其特性,从三种最具代表性的一维纳米线、棒、管结构的取向研究入手，掌握材料参数的选择规律及光取向材料锚定能与一维纳米材料序参数的内在联系，探索一维纳米材料的偏振吸收机制。同时,结合若干新颖的人工光学微结构,实现对一维纳米材料/液晶材料在微区内的精确控制，探索一维纳米材料与液晶的相互作用机制。本项目拟通过一维纳米材料对偏振的特定微区多畴控制，实现光场的局域调控，进而研制若干一维纳米材料/液晶材料光学原理性元器件，探索其在紫外偏振、近红外偏振和偏振导航传感领域的应用。

以纳米粒子结构为单元在一维、二维或三维空间形成有序排列是纳米器件设计和制造的基础。本项目以光取向技术为基础，研究人工微结构一维纳米材料/液晶材料光学元器件及其特性。选取银纳米线作为项目研究的一维纳米材料，5CB和E7作为与其混配的液晶材料。由于材料之间作用力的不同，导致银纳米线和两种不同液晶之间有垂直和平行两种不同的排列关系。通过光取向层对液晶的取向作用，进而调节银纳米线的排列方向。调整光取向层的溶液浓度、旋涂时间和速度、厚度与表面均与度、曝光时间与强度，获得最大锚定能并优化其对银纳米线取向的序参数。同时在光取向层中掺杂不同的纳米材料可以优化其取向性能及光响应时间。光取向技术与电场控制相结合，实现了银纳米线在液晶里的三维取向控制。结合若干人工光学微结构,可实现对银纳米线/液晶在微区内的精确控制，设计了一维和二维光栅结构，以及莫尔条纹结构对光波进行调制；并探索了银纳米线与液晶的相互作用机制；同时研制了若干银纳米线/液晶高分子薄膜光学原理性元器件，利用银纳米线掺入液晶单体，制备了银纳米线/液晶薄膜，增加了薄膜的拉伸性能，制成了柔性可穿戴显示设备。