基于多源遥感数据与水文模型的大型湖泊水储量空间格局及变化研究

As China is one of the countries with severe drought and water shortage, investigating lake water storage variability and monitoring lake water balance has become a hotpot. Remote sensing technology has been widely used to monitor the lake water level, lake area and total water storage, but the spatial pattern of lake water storage still needs further systematic study. This project is to design and realize space estimation model of lake water storage based on multi-source remote sensing data by using GIS, RS and special analysis techniques. The estimation of water storage was divided into three parts: surface water storage of lake, underground water storage of basin, and total water storage of basin, after analyzing the range of remote sensing data and the features of hydrological models. Realizing space estimation model of surface water storage, by analyzing the relationship between lake water storage and lake water level, lake water area. Obtaining lake underground water storage and total water storage by using GRACE satellite time-variable gravity field, hydrological models GLDAS and WGHM. By the comparison between remote sensing measurements, hydrological model estimates and in situ observations, the project thus reveals the distribution of water storage for large lakes in China. The project will provide innovative methods of the research on the distribution of lake water storage, and it has important theoretical significance and practical value for the characterization and management of lake water resources.

我国是一个干旱缺水的国家，研究湖泊水储量动态变化，及时掌握区域水量平衡状态成为热点。遥感技术已广泛用于湖泊水位、面积和总水储量的监测，但对湖泊水储量的空间分布格局与变化仍有待于进一步深入。本课题拟在GIS、RS、空间统计分析等技术支持下，构建湖泊水储量空间估算模型：根据数据源的特征和水储量的分布格局，将分别估算湖泊的地表水储量、湖泊流域内的地下水储量，以及流域内总的水储量；分析湖泊水储量变化、湖泊水位、湖泊面积的关系，构建湖泊地表水储量估算模型；利用重力卫星GRACE、水文模型GLDAS和WGHM，构建湖泊流域内的地下水储量与总水量估算模型；研究遥感模型与水文模型结果，以及地面水文站点估算结果之间的对比精度，揭示我国大型湖泊水储量空间分布格局及特征。本项目为深入研究我国大型湖泊水储量变化提供了新的方法，对于做好湖泊水资源的监测和管理具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。

湖泊作为重要的水源地，对于生产和生活具有重要的意义。本项目采用多源遥感数据，水文模型和实测数据，研究了湖泊的水位，面积和水储量的变化。对湖泊水位的研究，我们发现：对于狭长型湖泊，向外做缓冲区增加有效脚点的方法可以提高测高卫星的数据精度；对湖泊面积的研究，我们建立多规则的面积提取方法，提取了长江中下游大型湖泊面积并发现：巢湖和太湖两个湖泊受人为干预程度高，每年出入湖水量基本相同，所以面积变化不大。而鄱阳湖和洞庭湖的面积波动剧烈，2010年之前都呈现下降趋势，但在2010年之后，两个湖泊的年最小面积分别以51.64km2/year和60.51km2/year的速度增加；对于湖泊水量的研究，采用了两种方法，分别是：利用面积数据和水位数据建立几何模型估算水量，利用重力卫星结合水文模型估算水量，通过在鄱阳湖的实际应用中，我们发现：几何模型可以更好的计算湖泊水储量，而重力卫星和水文模型结合的方法在鄱阳湖的适用性一般。本项目为深入研究我国大型湖泊水储量变化提供了多种方法，对于做好湖泊水资源的监测和管理具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。在项目资助下共发表了3篇与本项目紧密相关的SCI论文，分别在Journal of Hydrology、IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,、IEEE Access。