含水通道蛋白磷脂仿生正渗透膜的设计制备与分离机理研究

Forward osmosis (FO) is an emergent membrane separation technology with potential applications in desalination. Due to its low hydraulic pressure during operation, FO process has been proposed and reported with several advantages, including lower energy consumption, higher water recovery, and lower fouling propensity. The key factors limiting the development of FO technology are the fabrication of high performance FO membranes, and the exploration of the internal relations between membrane structure and performance. In this proposal, biomimetic FO membranes having the characters of the ideal FO membrane will be fabricated. Based on the ultrathin thickness and superior hydrophilicity of supported phospholipids membranes, and the exceptional water selectivity and permeability of aquaporin, the high performance biomimetic FO membranes constructed by polymer substrate supported phospholipids with aquaporin has been developed innovatively. The structure and stability of the supported phospholipids membranes are designed to be enhanced by forming covalent bonds between lipid and substrate, crosslinking of the lipid molecules, as well as static electricity adsorption. Furthermore, the relationship between the structure parameter of substrate and membrane performance, and the relationship between aquaporin or carbon nanotube embedded phospholipids active layers and FO membrane performance, will be explored. By building a FO membrane model and simulating the diffusion and penetration of water and ions using molecular dynamics method, the separation and mass transfer mechanism of biomimetic FO membranes are revealed on the molecular level.

正渗透技术以低能耗、高水回收率、低膜污染和环境友好等特点正成为一种极具应用前景的脱盐技术。创建和发展高性能正渗透膜的制备方法，掌握调控正渗透膜结构和性能的规律是正渗透技术发展的核心问题。本项目针对理想正渗透膜的特点，拟利用磷脂双层膜超薄的厚度、良好的亲水性以及水通道蛋白超强单一的选择通过性，制备由多孔基膜支撑的，以磷脂双层膜为载体、水通道蛋白(AQP)为水分子通道的仿生正渗透膜，并通过磷脂与基膜间形成共价键、磷脂分子间交联、荷电基膜静电吸附磷脂膜等方法增强复合膜的机械强度，改善膜的耐压能力和稳定性。系统研究复合膜制备方法对膜性质和结构的影响，提高正渗透膜的性能和抗污染能力。利用分子动力学方法构建仿生正渗透膜的模型，模拟水分子和离子在仿生正渗透膜中的渗透和扩散行为。本项目旨在制备一种新型的仿生正渗透膜，阐明其成膜机理和分离机理，并通过上述研究为新型正渗透膜的发展及海水淡化提供新思路。

膜法水处理技术以低能耗、高水回收率、低膜污染和环境友好等特点正成为一种极具应用前景的脱盐技术。创建和发展高性能膜材料的制备方法，掌握调控高性能膜材料结构和性能的规律是膜法水处理技术发展的核心问题。本项目针对理想膜材料的特点，利用水通道蛋白、零维、一维、二维纳米水通道材料以及复合纳米水通道制备了高性能的膜材料，制备得到了含水通道蛋白的高性能仿生正渗透膜和纳滤膜；在仿生膜的基础上进一步开发了受生物启发的膜材料，在高分子膜中构建了纳米限域水分子通道；拓展水分子通道材料的性能，实现了抑菌、抗污染膜材料的制备和应用。突破了选择性与透过性之间的上限平衡，同时发挥复合纳米水通道材料的多功能性，实现复合膜的抑菌抗污染、耐氯等功能。系统研究了复合膜制备方法对膜性质和结构的影响，获得了水通道材料与膜结构性能之间的构效关系，并深入分析了不同膜的传质和分离机理。在本课题的资助下发表第一作者或通讯作者论文15篇，其中影响因子3.0以上文章11篇，影响因子6.0以上文章7篇；申请专利10项，已授权3项；培养研究生10人。