政府主导下农地流转对农户收入不平等影响研究：作用机制与政策调控

The promotion of industrialization, urbanization and a balanced development of rural and urban regions brought a proliferation of contracted land rights transfer (rural land transfer for short), which poses a potential threat to farmer's income since the contracted land plays a pivotal role in agricultural production, widening the gap between the rich and the poor in rural in case of inappropriate management consequently. This research is mainly focusing on the issues of rural land transfer and the household income inequality. Based on a theoretic analysis on changes of household income and a field survey, the method of Shapley Value Decomposition Procedure is employed in the Household Income model to evaluate the impacts of rural land transfer on farmer's income and reveal the interaction mechanisms of the institution characters and the changes of income gap thereby providing a theoretical Foundation for rural land transfer institution and its related institutional adjustment. The construction of this research is organized as five sections. 1) Analyze on internal mechanism between rural land transfer and household income; 2) estimate the impacts of transfer contorlled by government on household income; 3) compare the household endowments of different household income levels during rural land transfer; 4) reveal the role of regional differences in household income inequality during rural land transfer; 5) policy analysis on a win-win strategy for both improving the household income and generating an equal opportunity in rural land transfer.

随着工业化、城镇化的发展和城乡统筹发展的推进，农村土地承包经营权流转（简称农地流转）规模越来越大。农地作为农户最重要的生产资料，随着其经营权的流转必然对农户生产经营和收入产生显著影响，流转管理不当会进一步加剧农户贫富差距，影响农村社会经济发展。本研究将农地流转与农户收入不平等作为研究主题，在农户家庭收入及变化理论分析和农户调研的基础上，构建农户家庭收入模型，运用夏普里值分解法评价农地流转对农户家庭收入不平等的影响，揭示农地流转制度特征与农户收入差距变化之间的作用机理，为农地流转制度及相关政策的调整提供理论依据。主要的研究内容包括：（1）农地流转影响农户收入的内在机制分析；（2）政府主导农地流转对农户收入不平等作用机制分析；（3）农户资源禀赋和类型差异与农地流转中农户收入不平等分析；（4）地区差异与农地流转中的农户收入不平等分析；（5）基于农户收入增长与平等的农地流转政策研究

农地作为农户最重要的生产资料，随着其经营权的流转必然对农户生产经营和收入产生显著影响，流转管理不当会加剧农户贫富差距，影响农村社会经济发展。本研究以农户经济理论、土地经济理论等为基础，以江苏省11个县（市）2000个农户调研数据和北京大学中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）全国调研数据为支撑，在农户家庭收入及变化理论分析和农户调研的基础上，构建农户家庭收入模型，运用夏普里值分解法评价农地流转对农户家庭收入不平等的影响，揭示农地流转制度特征与农户收入差距变化之间的作用机理，为农地流转制度及相关政策的调整提供理论依据。.研究得出以下结果：（1）农地流转优化了农户土地、劳动力和资本等资源配置，有利于提高农户资源配置效率。通过政府和村集体主导完成的农地流转显著提高了农地规模经营水平，更有利于促进转入户长期生产投资。但政府强制农户土地转出不利于转出农户资源配置效率改善；（2）农地流转整体上提高了农户农业和非农业生产效率，但不同流转模式对不同类型农户生产效率的影响效应存在差异。政府主导下的农地流转明显增加了转入户土地规模经营水平，提高了农业生产效率；农户自发流转提升农业生产效率的幅度较小，但农户土地转出后非农业生产效率提升幅度更大；（3）农地流转总体上增加了农户收入，土地转入主要增加了农户农业收入，土地转出主要增加了农户非农业收入和财产性收入。农地流转整体上减小了农村内部收入差距，但政府行政干预和财政激励政策增加了农户收入不平等；（4）农地产权保护不完善是基层政府农地流转政策执行偏差的重要原因，农户在政府主导的土地流转中自由选择权、收益权、知情权和参与权等多种土地权益受损。.本项目研究政府主导下的农地流转对农户农业生产、劳动力转移和收入结构及收入分配各方面的系统影响，揭示了政府主导下农地流转对农户资源配置和收入不平等的作用机制，为优化政府干预方式、提高农户生产效率、增加农民收入提出了相应的政策建议。