双亲蒙脱石的制备及对复合霉菌毒素的吸附特性研究

Various polar and nonpolar mycotoxins extensively exist in food and fodder, which causes great threat to the life safeties of human and animals. However, the existing montmorillonite adsorbents can only adsorb polar or nonpolar mycotoxin alone and have no function for the simultaneous adsorption of polar and nonpolar mycotoxin complex. In this project, compound and polyfunctional group surfactant is intended to be used as modifier to modify the surface and interlayer of montmorillonite and to prepare a kind of amphiphilic montmorillonite which will have the high efficient adsorption capacity for both polar and nonpolar mycotoxin complex. The influence of modifier structure and preparing parameters on the structure and adsorption properties of amphiphilic montmorillonite and the controllable preparation mechanism of amphiphilic montmorillonite will be studied. The relationship between the structures and adsorption properties will be uncovered. In addition, the application technical foundation of the adsorption materials for the simultaneous adsorption of polar aflatoxin and nonpolar zearalenone will be studied and the adsorption mechanism for the polar and nonpolar mycotonxin complex will be explored as well. The research achievements will establish theoretic and technical foundation for the production and application of amphiphilic montmorillonite.This project has the important significance for protecting human health, reducing mortality rate of animals, reducing the risk of breeding industry and utilizing the resource of montmorillonite efficiently and valuably.

各种极性和非极性的霉菌毒素广泛同时存在于粮食和饲料中，对人和动物的生命安全产生重大威胁。但是，现有的蒙脱石吸附材料只能单独吸附极性或非极性霉菌毒素，不具备同时吸附极性和非极性复合霉菌毒素的功能。本项目拟采用复合、多官能团改性剂对天然蒙脱石进行表面和层间改性，制备一种对极性和非极性复合霉菌毒素同时具有高效吸附功能的双亲蒙脱石吸附材料；研究改性剂结构和工艺因素对双亲蒙脱石结构和性能的影响规律及可控制备原理，揭示材料结构与复合霉菌毒素吸附性能间的构效关系；并研究吸附材料同时吸附处理极性黄曲霉毒素和非极性玉米赤霉烯酮的应用技术基础，探明吸附材料对极性和非极性复合霉菌毒素的吸附机理，为双亲蒙脱石吸附材料的生产和应用奠定理论和技术基础。本项目对于保护人类健康、减少动物生病和死亡率、降低养殖业风险以及高效和高值利用蒙脱石资源具有重要意义。

天然层状硅酸盐矿物因来源广泛、成本低廉、具有离子交换特性和吸附能力，是理想的霉菌毒素吸附材料。项目利用蒙脱石或累托石外表面、孔结构和层间域作为微反应区，采用各类表面活性剂为改性剂，在蒙脱石或累托石表面、孔结构与层间均匀负载改性剂分子，制备了一系列具有同时吸附脱除极性-非极性复合霉菌毒素的新型、高效霉菌毒素吸附材料；通过对材料微观结构和理化特性的深入研究，揭示了复合霉菌毒素吸附材料的吸附性能优化机理，查明了工艺因素及不同改性剂分子特性对复合材料霉菌毒素吸附性能的影响规律以及制备参数、材料结构和理化特性与复合材料霉菌毒素吸附特性的关系；阐明了不同改性剂分子对霉菌毒素吸附材料脱毒效果的促进机理；并以代表性的极性霉菌毒素黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）和弱极性霉菌毒素玉米赤霉烯酮（ZER）为脱除目标，研究了复合霉菌毒素吸附材料的应用方法与条件，探明了复合吸附材料分别对极性-非极性霉菌毒素的吸附机理。在本项目的资助下，项目团队共发表SCI论文8篇，其中一区论文4篇；授权发明专利2项；培养博士研究生1名，硕士研究生2名。圆满实现了项目预期目标。