物联制造系统的主动调度研究

Initiative scheduling, featuring in high complexity and challenge, strong theoretical significance and practical application prospect, is derived as a new concept and research issue to address the emerging characteristics in sensing manufacturing system (SMS) such as initiative, flexibility, sensitivity and robustness. Based on the active sensing and pushing technology, initiative scheduling takes countermeasures to cope with production disturbance and change as its breakthrough point, to motivate subjective initiative of manufacturing resource as its driving force. Centering on the new behavior of initiative scheduling, three key scientific problems including initiative response mechanism, interactive mechanism and confilict resolution mode are proposed, and corresponding research aspects including model, mechanism and optimization method will be specifically addressed. This project mainly focuses on the related basic theoretical researches of initiative scheduling to reveal the dynamic forming mechanisms of initiative group and the inter-scheduling mechanisms among initiatives and their groups, to present the operation mechanism integrated the offline robust scheduling with online initiative scheduling, and to build up the initiative, initiative group and mediation agency three-in-one interaction system of initiative scheduling. Furthermore four key techniques will be deeply studied from the perspective of initiative scheduling modeling based on neuron and petri net, initiative group formation based on state aggregation and bottleneck-driven mode, inter-scheduling based on operation decomposition of bottleneck process, and scheduling conflict resolution based on constraint reasoning principle. The related breakthrough are hopeful to bring about a fundamental turn for the better in the standard of adaptability for changing environment, response ability for random disturbance and problem-solving ability for exception handling. The objectives are to develop the core theory and method systems for the research field of initiative scheduling, and to provide a valuable theoretical foundation and an innovative research methodology for exploring novel production scheduling mode and finally to achieve the shift from the hardware configuration to operation optimization of SMS.

主动调度是依据物联制造系统呈现的新特征而提炼的崭新研究课题，复杂性高、挑战性强，研究应用价值大。项目以主动感知、主动推送技术为支撑，以应对生产扰动和变化为突破，以激发资源活力为导向，围绕主动调度行为，提炼出自主响应机制、主动交互机理和冲突消解方法三个关键科学问题，从模型、机制、机理、方法四个方面展开研究，旨在揭示自治组动态形成机理、自主体/自治组互调度机理，提出"离线鲁棒调度和在线主动调度"的主动调度响应机制，建立"自主体互调度-自治组互调度-仲裁调度"的主动调度交互体系。重点突破基于神经元和Petri网的主动调度建模方法、基于状态聚合和瓶颈驱动的自治组形成方法、基于瓶颈工序分解的自主体互调度方法、基于约束推理的自治组冲突消解方法等关键技术，提升制造系统变化适应能力、扰动响应能力和异常解决能力，形成主动调度优化的核心理论与方法体系，实现从"物联制造系统构建"向"物联制造系统运作优化"进阶。

主动调度是依据物联制造系统呈现的新特征而提炼的崭新研究课题，是实现制造系统有序、平稳、均衡、高效管控的新模式。本项目以建立主动调度优化的核心理论与方法体系为目标，从主动调度模式、互调度行为建模、调度响应机制、调度优化方法、瓶颈识别与扰动情形下生产线性能分析等方面开展相关研究，主要研究成果如下：.1) 提出了主动调度新型调度模式，给出了主动调度的定义，分析了调度主体的构成，剖析了调度要素间的关系，分析了调度的运作模式，探讨了主动调度的交互体系，开辟了调度研究的新领域；.2) 提出了关系传播链以刻画工序间相互作用以及影响传播行为，抽取出了四种工序关系，揭示了工序间影响的传播规律，为主动调度的互调度行为研究与互调度机理研究提供了全新的研究工具；.3) 提出了主动调度的响应机制，揭示了扰动情形下机器能力利用程度的影响规律，给出了云制造作业车间机器保护能力以及参与云服务能力的划分方法，提出了考虑同时生产与准时装载的同步调度方法；.4) 给出了并行批处理机离线调度问题的有效下界，设计了多项式时间启发式算法，并分析了算法的最差性能比。从博弈视角设计了机器的协调机制，证明纳什均衡解的存在性与收敛性，分析了无秩序代价的上下界。给出了开放式车间调度与作业车间调度问题的元启发式算法；.5) 提出了一种将瓶颈识别和瓶颈利用进行集成优化的有效策略，辨识了面向作业车间调度的执行瓶颈，给出了扰动情形下含区间属性值的瓶颈识别方法，基于聚类思想提出了瓶颈簇识别方法，解决了多瓶颈候选集的科学划分问题；.6) 提出了物料流与资金流相混合的解析建模方法，分析了多故障模式装配线运作的最优效能。提出了控制缓冲区在制品水平的休眠策略，揭示了产线配置、控制策略对不可靠流水线性能的影响规律。.经过团队不懈努力，共发表学术论文16篇。其中，SCI源刊6篇，含中科院二区期刊2篇，中科院三区期刊4篇；EI索引16篇；授权国家发明专利7项。指导博士研究生3名、硕士研究生15名。