(百合科)植物AM菌根形态类型及其系统分类学意义的研究

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form symbiotic associations with approximately 80% of terrestrial plants. The morphology of AM can be divided mainly into two types, Arum and Paris. There was a strong relationship between plant identity and AM morphological type, as the colonization types were mostly distinguished at the plant family level. The typical AM mycorrhizal plants, which belong to generalized liliaceae family, will be the researched object in this project. Morphological types of arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM) in liliaceae family plants will be examined in spring and autumn. The distribution and structural characteristics of Arum- and Paris- mycorrhizal types will be examined (including the intracellular hypha coils, arbuscule coils and vesicle structure). AM fungi identity and its genetic diversity will be identified in each plant roots symbiosis and in the rhizospheres soil. It will be made sure that is the AM community composition and species diversity. Study on the relationship between the mycorrhizal morphological types and AMF diversity with the plant classification and its significant for the plant phylogeny. This work will be benefit to study and understand the cooperation evolution relationship between the plant species with AM fungi and its effects on the vegetation succession process in the Inner Mongolia natural ecosystem.

丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizae-AM)是丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi，AMF)与约80%的陆生植物根系的共生结构，具有两种形态类型，Arum-type和Paris-type，菌根形态类型在植物科水平上表现出差异。本项目以广义百合科的植物（具有典型AM菌根）为研究对象，①研究不同属种植物（主要包括百合、知母、黄精、葱类、天门冬、黄花菜属）的AM菌根结构与形态类型，②研究Arum-type和Paris-type菌根形态的分布及结构特点（胞内菌丝、菌丝圈、丛枝圈和泡囊结构），③研究不同种植物根系共生与根际AM真菌的遗传多样性，确定AM群落组成及种类多样性，④分析与探索菌根形态类型及AMF多样性对植物系统分类学研究的科学价值。为探索真菌与植物的共生选择作用，以及进一步探索内蒙古自然植被与AM真菌协同演替进程及机制奠定理论基础。

项目采用形态解剖学方法研究百合科植物菌根结构与形态类型，并通过孢子形态检测AMF形态物种多样性、高通量测序测定植物根内与根际土壤中的AM真菌的遗传多样性，获得了以下重要的研究结果：.明确了29种百合科植物的菌根形态类型，疆南星型（Arum-type）、重楼型(Paris-type)及不确定型的比例分别是72.41%、20.69%和6.90%，A型比例较高。葱属、天门冬属、萱草属、黄精属、铃兰属植物的AM菌根为A型，而百合属、重楼属、绵枣属、舞鹤草属、贝母属植物的菌根为P型，藜芦属为中间类型。菌根结构特征、菌根侵染率有明显的种间差异，菌根的形态类型呈现属水平的差异。.百合科植物根际土壤高通量测序注释出AMF 9科10属70种；而9属21种植物的根系中注释到9科11属83种AMF。从百合科植物根际土壤中鉴定出AM真菌孢子形态物种7 科 11 属 46 种。表明，百合科植物共生AM真菌极其丰富，AM真菌及共生特性协同百合科植物的系统演化和生态分布。.结果丰富了AMF多样性、AM真菌与植物的共生协同作用机制的理论研究提供了基础。