铜闪速熔炼过程砷自固化机制及无害化砷硅酸盐渣系重构研究

Aiming to the arsenic pollution problem in copper metallurgy, this project proposed a new strategy which will control and treat the arsenic pollutants from their source. In a typical flash smelting process in copper metallurgy, we proposed to convert hazardous arsenic pollutant into stable arsenic-silicate by optimizing and carefully controlling the parameters of the process, realizing the self-solidification technology for the harmless dispose of the arsenic pollution. Through the combination of experimental investigation and theoretical calculation, the self-solidification behavior of arsenic and its dynamics characteristic in smelting process will be systemically investigated, from which the underlying mechanism in arsenic solidification and evolution, as well as the methodology of regulation can be revealed. Furthermore, based on the techniques of directional solidification, targeted conversion, and reconstitution of stable arsenic-silicate slag smelting, a technical prototype on arsenic self-solidification during copper flashing smelting will be established, and a theoretical system for controlling the pollution of arsenic pollution in copper metallurgy will be formed. The outcomes of this project can not only provide a theoretical guidance for the clean metallurgy of copper source, but also can contribute to the metallurgy of high arsenic contained copper ores and the synchronous solidification of arsenic.

本项目针对铜冶炼过程砷污染问题，采用源头治理的技术思路，以典型的闪速熔炼工艺为对象，提出通过冶炼过程参数设计和调控将高毒性含砷物相转化为稳定的砷硅酸盐而实现铜熔炼砷自固化的工艺方法。通过理论计算和实验相结合深入研究含砷物料在熔炼过程中自固化行为规律及动力学特征，揭示闪速熔炼过程固砷及砷化合物转移机理及调控途径；通过定向固砷、定向转化以及化学性能稳定的硅砷酸盐渣系重构，形成铜闪速熔炼过程砷自固化技术原型，建立铜冶炼过程砷污染物调控的理论体系，为铜资源清洁冶金提供理论依据，也可为高砷铜精矿的冶炼和同步固砷提供理论支撑。

通过本项目的研究，获得通过冶炼过程参数设计和调控将高毒性含砷物相转化为稳定的砷硅酸盐而实现铜熔炼砷自固化的新方法和新技术。研究了含砷物料在熔炼过程中自固化行为规律及动力学特征，揭示了闪速熔炼过程固砷及砷化合物转移机理及调控途径；通过定向固砷、定向转化以及化学性能稳定的硅砷酸盐渣系重构，形成铜闪速熔炼过程砷自固化技术原型，并联合铜陵有色对铜冶炼系统自身产出的烟尘、砷滤饼、黑铜泥、转炉渣和渣精矿等含砷物料重新返回熔炼系统进行了工业化应用，实现了铜冶炼过程含砷危险废物的零排放。同时基于闪速熔炼砷自固化理论，开发了闪速熔炼过程定向铼富集技术和铜冶炼伴生铼高效提取的新工艺，研发了全套高纯铼酸铵提取自动化装备，实现了产业化应用。这些研究结果具有较高的学术价值和社会影响，具有广泛的应用前景。