油田用多功能高分子絮凝剂的制备及其性能研究

Efficient and cheap, environmental friendly, and functional diversity is the development direction of flocculants. By using functionalized ionic liquid as homogeneous reaction media of chitosan and protective agent of amino groups, this research project plans to prepare a new double grafting polymeric flocculant(PCS-g-CPAM), with polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polyethers grafted to the hydroxyl groups and cationic polyacrylamide containing functional monomers of acyloxypropanediyl-1,3-bis(thimethyl ammonium chloride) grafted to the amino groups. Then, the relationship between the structure and the performance of this flocculant will be systematically studied. In order to reveal the flocculation mechanism, PCS-g-CPAM will be further used for treatment of produced water from oilfield, and influencing factors of flocculation performance and flocs properties will be studied. Through the implementation of this research project, a new method for synthesis of multifunctional polymeric flocculants is expected to be established, and understanding on the relationship between structure and performance and flocculation mechanism will be deepened. A kind of high efficient flocculants with both of demulsification and flocculation performances, which can be used for treatment of oilfield produced water, may even be developed.

高效价廉、环境友好、功能多样是絮凝剂的发展方向。本项目拟以功能化离子液体为壳聚糖的均相反应介质和氨基的保护剂，通过定向接枝，依次将聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段聚醚和含双阳离子功能单体丙烯酰氧基丙烷-1,3-双三甲基氯化铵的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺分别接枝到壳聚糖的羟基和氨基上，制备出一种新型壳聚糖双接枝高分子絮凝剂，并系统研究其结构和性能的关系。进一步将该类絮凝剂应用于油田采出水处理，通过絮凝性能影响因素研究和絮体性质研究，揭示其絮凝机理。预期通过本项目的实施，有望构建一种合成多功能高分子絮凝剂的新方法，加深对絮凝剂结构和性能的关系及絮凝机理的认识，甚至有可能研制出一种适应油田采出水水质特点、兼具破乳和絮凝性能的高效絮凝剂。

天然有机高分子絮凝剂具有来源广泛、可生物降解、低毒无害、环境友好、高效价廉等优点，日益受到青睐，成为国内外科学家争相研究的热点。本项目以研制出兼具破乳和絮凝性能、适用于油田采出水处理的新型高分子絮凝剂为目标，首先合成出功能化离子液体，然后以功能化离子液体为天然高分子壳聚糖的均相反应介质和氨基的保护剂，实现对壳聚糖的接枝改性，最终制备出以壳聚糖为主链、以嵌段聚醚和聚双季铵盐阳离子为侧链的新型多功能高分子絮凝剂；通过性能研究和初步应用研究，揭示了破乳、絮凝性能和分子结构之间的关系，明确了其适用范围和最佳投加浓度，为规模化应用奠定了基础。