花生半喂入摘果作业机理及机构优化研究

Peanut semi-feeding picking technology is an important component and a development direction of peanut mechanized harvesting technologies. However, the dynamics characteristics of pods picking and formation mechanism of operation qualities are still un-clear, and the design principles and optimization methods of peanut semi-feeding picker are also missing or imperfect, which restrict the innovation level and operation performance of the equipment.In this project, taking the typical peanut varieties in Chinese main producing areas and the chain-roller-obliquity-configured peanut semi-feeding picking device as the study objects, biological features and mechanical properties of peanut plants will be measured, and flexible model of peanut plants is to be established based on multi-body dynamics theory and methods of ANSYS, ADAMS and Pro/E modeling. Based on the analysis of kinematics and dynamics on the mechanical system and studies on detection sensors and control algorithms for the process simulation, the rigid-flexible coupling multi-body system simulation model for peanut plants and the picking device will be established. Applying the combination studies of dynamics simulation on picking operation, high-speed photographic image analysis and quality indicators testing, the formation mechanism of operation qualities and the technical enhancing approaches are to be explored and figured out.Applying kinds of research methods including multi-objective simulation optimization, multi-factor Response Surface experimental optimization and experimental verification, the comprehensive optimization and design method on peanut semi-feeding picking device are to be explored to established the simulation optimization model of device design and the prediction model of operation qualities, and the optimal combination of structural parameters and operating parameters will be achieved finally.This study will provide theoretical basis and new methods for the research and development of peanut harvesters, accelerating the technological progress of peanut semi-feeding picking.

花生半喂入摘果技术是花生机械化收获技术重要内容和发展方向之一，但摘果作业动力学特性和作业质量产生机理不明晰、机构优化设计方法和依据不足，制约着设备创新水平和作业质量。以花生主产区典型品种和链辊倾斜配置式花生半喂入摘果装置为对象，测定花生株系生物性状、机械力学特性；应用Pro/E三维建模和ANSYS、ADAMS多体动力学理论和方法，优化构建花生株系柔性体模型，分析花生株系和摘果机构运动和受力关系，研究仿真检测传感技术和控制算法，融合构建花生株系-摘果装置刚柔耦合多体动力学仿真系统；摘果作业动力学仿真、高速摄影影像分析及质量指标测定等相结合，探索作业质量影响机理与提升技术途径；多目标仿真优化、多因素响应面试验优化及试验验证等多方法融合，探索花生半喂入摘果装置综合优化设计方法，构建仿真优化设计模型和作业质量预测模型，实现结构和工作参数最佳组合。本研究为花生半喂入摘果技术研发提供理论基础和新方法。

花生摘果是花生机械化收获中最重要的作业环节。目前国内外在花生半喂入摘果技术领域的基础研究薄弱，人们对花生半喂入联合收获摘果作业机理认识不足，摘果作业过程动力学特性研究缺失，设备优化设计方法和设计依据匮乏，制约了半喂入花生摘果技术与设备的创新和产业化应用水平。. 针对上述问题，项目选取了主产区河南、山东两省11个典型品种，研究了收获期中花生株系特性，包括基本参数、含水率、机械力学特性、结果特性及夹持输送状态下花生株系生物性状特征等，在此基础上，构建了花生株系主要特性数据库，为后续研究奠定基础；开展了试验台的三维设计，研制了半喂入花生摘果试验台，并开发了控制系统；采用理论分析及高速摄影技术开展了摘果机理的研究，分析摘果过程中荚果的受力、荚果分离机理及采摘后运动特点等，同时探明了摘果辊入口和出口端果秧分离机理、摘果辊水平段摘果机理，开展单因素试验研究，测定了五因素对未摘净率、破碎率和带柄率等作业质量指标的影响，并探明了影响规律；通过仿真分析及试验研究相结合的方法，进行了摘果叶片结构及其参数对摘果性能的影响；构建了花生株系-摘果装置刚柔耦合多体动力学仿真模型，对摘果作业过程进行动力学仿真及试验研究；在上述仿真与机理研究的基础上，系统开展了多因素、多指标摘果试验，获取了摘果装置参数的优化设计方案，建立了摘果作业质量的多影响因素数学模型，并对摘果装置参数进行了优化，通过田间试验验证了上述优化参数的合理性及可行性。以上述研究成果为基础，相继创制出半喂入两行和四行联合收获机、半喂入花生摘果机，其中半喂入两行联合收获机和半喂入花生摘果机已在江苏宇成动力集团有限公司、开封市茂盛机械有限公司、徐州天晟工程机械集团有限公司、河南省汝南县广源车辆有限公司、石家庄农业机械股份有限公司5家企业实现产业化，取得了显著的社会和经济效益。