黄河中下游盐碱地棉花种植的生态价值评估及补偿机制研究

There is a large number of arable saline-alkali in the mid-lower reaches of the Yellow River, which development potential is huge, while the ecological environment is fragile and difficulty to use. Cotton is advantage crops on Saline-alkali land, saline-alkali cotton planting has both economic value and ecological value, but its ecological value is often ignored, so cotton area on saline-alkali land is also fell sharply due to lower economic values.. At first, this research will estimate the ecological value and ecological loss of cotton planting in the mid-lower reaches of the Yellow River from the aspects of desalination, soil improvement, secondary salinization prevention, chemical pollution, water resource waste and so on, using methods of cost replacement, intent research and parameter comparison. Secondly, this research will develop planting ecological compensation standard and the corresponding compensation mechanism based on ecological value of cotton planting on saline-alkali land, and encourages ecological cotton planting behavior on saline-alkali land through the differentiation of compensation standard. Then seek to form a complete set of security system to ensure sustainable cotton ecological compensation.. This research will design the ecological value estimation method of cotton planting on saline-alkali land, and provide the reference of crop ecological value estimation on saline-alkali land in the future. At the same time, this research will detail ecological compensation principle of cotton planting on saline-alkali land，and provide theory basis for subsidies smooth implementation. Economic point of view, the above research is beneficial to improve income of cotton farmers and safeguard cotton enterprise development; Ecological perspective, Establishing ecological compensation mechanism is helpful to improve the local government and cotton farmers ' emphasis on the ecological effect of cotton, which has positive effect to improve the regional ecological environment.

黄河中下游地区有大量可耕盐碱地，其开发潜力巨大，但生态环境脆弱，利用难度较高。棉花是盐碱地优势作物，盐碱地种植棉花兼具经济价值与生态价值，但其生态价值往往不被重视，盐碱地植棉面积也因棉花经济价值走低而大幅下降。本研究将利用替代成本法、意愿调研法、参数比照法等手段，从脱盐抑盐、改良土壤、预防次生盐碱化、化学物质污染、水资源浪费等方面估算黄河中下游盐碱地植棉的生态价值和生态损失；以此为依据制定植棉生态补偿标准及相应补偿机制，通过差异化补偿标准支持盐碱地生态化植棉行为，并寻求确保棉花补偿可持续进行的配套保障制度。本研究试图设计出盐碱地植棉生态价值估算方法，为今后盐碱地农作物的生态价值估算提供参考；通过详细阐述植棉生态补偿原理，为补贴顺利实施提供理论依据。上述研究在经济上有利于提升棉农收入，保障棉企发展；在生态上有助于提升当地政府和棉农对棉花生态效应的重视，从而对改善区域生态环境有积极作用。

黄河中下游地区土壤盐碱含量高，生态环境脆弱，是生态保护的重点和难点所在。棉花具有较强的耐盐碱性，盐碱地种植棉花兼具经济价值与生态价值，但其生态 价值往往不被重视，盐碱地植棉行为得不到政策引导和资金支持，面积也因棉花经济价值走低而大幅下降。 . 本研究利用市场价值法、影子工程法、参数比照法等手段，从脱盐抑盐、改良土壤、固氮释氧方面估算黄河三角洲盐碱地植棉的生态价值为27亿元；从化学物质污染、水资源浪费、碳排放方面估算该区盐碱地植棉的生态损失为2.46亿元；分解求和法汇总得出该区棉花种植综合生态价值为24.57亿元。以此为依据，制定植棉生态补偿标准，理论上该地区棉花种植的每亩补贴标准应不低于植棉机会成本725元，最高标准参考植棉综合生态价值可达每亩945元。结合替代成本法和生产率变动法，本研究将暗管排水的工程造价和植棉3年前后小麦产量变化对应的产值变化近似估算盐碱地植棉带来的脱盐抑盐的生态价值是22亿元，是盐碱地植棉生态价值的最主要体现。. 本研究从补偿原则、补偿主体、补偿标准及补偿方式等方面，构建盐碱地棉花种植的生态价值补偿机制，并延伸相应配套机制设计。主张通过差异化补偿标准支持盐碱地生态化植棉行为，并提出设立黄河三角洲生产保护区的政策设想，从生态保护、经济效益、社会效益多角度考虑，对该区棉花生产给予扶持。本研究设计出盐碱地植棉生态价值估算方法，为今后盐碱地农作物的生态价值估算提供参考；通过详细阐述植棉生态补偿原理，为补贴顺利实施提供理论依据。已完成的研究有利于盐碱地植棉补贴和有机棉种植补贴政策的出台，有助于提升当地政府和棉农对棉花生态效应的重视，进而改善区域生态环境。