通江湖泊水位波动条件下越冬雁类与消落带草本植物群落的相互作用

The interaction between herbivorous waterbirds and wetland plants is a key factor affecting the structure and function of wetland ecosystems. Exploring the interaction between them and its response to environmental factors will help to further our understanding of the maintenance mechanism of wetland ecosystem balance. The interaction between wintering geese and herbaceous plants in the drawdown areas of the Yangtze-connected lakes is one of the most important ecological processes in the wetland ecosystem of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The seasonal water level fluctuation of the lakes makes the relationship more characteristic. Based on the analysis of plant biomass and community characteristics, we study the impacts of wintering geese on biomass, interspecific relationship, community structure and species diversity of the herbaceous plants. Combining population monitoring and landscape pattern analysis, we study the effects of herbaceous plant community dynamics on the population trends and spatial distribution of the wintering geese. Employing food and behavior analysis, we explore how the diet plasticity and behavioral strategies of the wintering geese respond to the dynamics of the herbaceous plants community. Furthermore, the niche differentiation mechanism of the geese will be investigated. Through the above research, we will reveal the interaction between the wintering geese and the herbaceous plants in the drawdown areas of Yangtze-connected lakes under water level fluctuations. Based on the findings, we will clarify the importance of the interaction between them to maintain the wetland biodiversity and ecosystem function. This study will provide important implications for the conservation and management of the wintering geese and wetland biodiversity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

草食性水鸟与湿地植物的相互作用是影响湿地生态系统结构和功能的关键因素，深入研究二者的相互作用及其对环境因子的响应，有助于进一步理解湿地生态系统平衡的维持机制。越冬雁类与通江湖泊消落带草本植物的相互作用是长江中下游湿地生态系统最重要的生态学过程之一，湖泊水位的季节波动使其更具特色。本项目结合植物生物量测定与群落特征分析，研究越冬雁类对消落带草本植物生物量、种间关系、群落结构和物种多样性的影响；结合种群监测与景观格局分析，研究消落带草本植物群落动态对越冬雁类种群动态和空间分布的影响；结合食性与行为分析，研究越冬雁类食性可塑性和行为策略对消落带草本植物群落动态的响应，探讨同域分布雁类的生态位分化机制。通过以上研究，揭示通江湖泊水位波动下越冬雁类与消落带草本植物的相互作用规律，阐明其相互作用对维持湿地生物多样性和生态系统功能的重要意义，为长江中下游越冬雁类和湿地生物多样性的保护与管理提供科学依据。

草食性水鸟与湿地植物的相互作用是影响湿地生态系统结构和功能的关键因素，深入研究二者的相互作用及其对环境因子的响应，有助于进一步理解湿地生态系统平衡的维持机制。越冬雁类与通江湖泊消落带草本植物的相互作用是长江中下游湿地生态系统最重要的生态学过程之一，湖泊水位的季节波动使其更具特色。本项目结合植物生物量测定与群落特征分析，研究了越冬雁类对升金湖消落带草本植物生物量、种间关系、群落结构和物种多样性的影响。结果表明，净初级生产力主要集中在上湖和下湖，雁类采食对维持升金湖消落带草本植物群落物种多样性有一定积极作用。在上湖草滩区域开展了为期五个月的围封实验。结果表明，围封时间显著影响了苔草群落的多样性，陌上菅生物量随雁类取食时间增加而降低，鸟类取食显著影响了陌上菅的功能性状。在越冬期的不同阶段，对升金湖水鸟的主要生境和空间分布进行调查，结果表明，升金湖地表覆被格局受水位季节波动的显著影响，进而影响到越冬水鸟的空间分布。通过量化菜子湖水位波动与水鸟栖息地面积之间的关系，预测了引江济淮工程实施后菜子湖的水位变化对越冬水鸟栖息地的影响。结果表明，引江济淮工程实施后，菜子湖秋冬季水位将维持在较高水平，使湿地景观趋于单一化，水鸟栖息地面积和质量显著下降，将对在此越冬的水鸟产生显著的影响，预计越冬水鸟多样性和种群数量将显著下降。结合食性与行为分析，研究了越冬雁类食性可塑性和行为策略对消落带草本植物群落动态的响应，探讨了同域分布雁类的生态位分化机制。结果表明，觅食生境由自然湿地转移至人为干扰强烈的农田后，越冬雁类将提高其警戒水平，白额雁还会通过与豆雁混群来降低其警戒距离，从而获得更多的觅食机会。以上研究揭示了通江湖泊水位波动下越冬雁类与消落带草本植物的相互作用规律，阐明了其相互作用对维持湿地生物多样性和生态系统功能的重要意义，为长江中下游越冬雁类和湿地生物多样性的保护与管理提供了科学依据。