基于定子电磁振动与电流分析的永磁同步电机电气及失磁故障诊断方法研究

On the basis of induction of electric fault diagnosis methods in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM), stator electromagnetic vibration and current will be proposed as fault characteristics. The electric faults characterization discipline of three phase symmetrical short circuit, inter-phase short circuit of stator winding, short circuit of phase winding, inter-turn short circuit of a coil in PMSM, the permanent magnets of PMSM under different temperature partially demagnetized by the process of the electric faults and the fault characterization discipline of demagnetization magnets, electromagnetic force distribution and vibration characterization under different fault will be researched. The semi-physical non-linear simulation research platform and the hardware test platform will be established. The fault experimental prototype of stator windings including three phase symmetrical short circuit, inter-phase short circuit of stator winding, short circuit of phase winding, inter-turn short circuit, and the fault experimental prototype of demagnetization will be developed. The quantitative relationship between the types of fault, the fault depth and the fault characteristic parameters will be grasped. The effective means of separation and extraction of fault feature will be determined. The fault diagnostic criteria and diagnostic methods will be proposed. It can be expected that the sensitive/reliable detection and diagnosis of electric faults in PMSM will really become true through the above work, which is full of practical value and theoretical significance.

在分析和归纳永磁同步电机多种故障诊断方法基础上，提出以永磁同步电机定子电磁振动和电流为故障特征量，研究永磁同步电机定子绕组三相对称短路、相间短路、单相短路、匝间短路几种电气故障的表征规律，研究几种电气故障暂态过程在不同温度下对电机转子局部失磁的影响及失磁故障表征规律，研究几种故障下电机定子电磁力分布及电磁振动的特点及相应故障的理论判据。建立半实物仿真研究平台和硬件试验研究平台，试制出定子绕组故障、失磁故障模拟试验样机，获得故障类型、故障深度与故障特征参数的定量关系，确立故障特征量分离及提取有效手段，提出故障诊断判据和诊断方法。本项目将定子电磁振动检测与分析应用于永磁电机定气故障及转子失磁故障诊断和定位尚属首次，具有创新性。该方法可望真正实现永磁同步电机电气故障的灵敏、可靠检测与诊断，具有重要的工程应用价值与理论意义。

为了解决永磁同步电机在线监测和故障诊断难以及时、准确诊断早期故障的问题，本项目针对永磁同步电机匝间短路、失磁、偏心故障诊断方法进行了深入研究。本项目主要研究了匝间短路、失磁、偏心故障的表征规律；针对不同故障的特点，研究了故障特征量及其提取方法；建立了永磁同步电机故障仿真模型与实验平台，试制出了匝间短路、部分失磁、静态偏心故障模拟样机；研究了故障的诊断判据和诊断方法。取得的研究成果有：..建立了永磁同步电机匝间短路、失磁、偏心故障数学模型以及场-路结合的仿真模型。分析了故障对电机磁场分布、定子电磁振动的影响规律。揭示了故障对电机磁场分布影响的机理，得出了故障和定子齿磁通分布之间的定量关系。..根据不同类型故障的特点，提出基于定子齿磁通高频谐波、基波相量的匝间短路故障特征量；基于定子齿磁通幅值导数、边频分量的部分失磁故障特征量；基于定子齿磁通倒数相对变化率的偏心故障特征量，以及相应的故障特征量提取方法，故障诊断方法。基于小波包分析，提出多信息源融合的故障模式识别方法。通过融合各种单一故障诊断方法，提出了永磁同步电机混合故障诊断方法。..设计了定子齿磁通实时测量装置，建立了永磁同步电机匝间短路、部分失磁、静态偏心故障实验平台。..仿真及实验结果表明，本项目提出的方法可以灵敏、可靠地诊断匝间短路、失磁、偏心故障，并准确识别故障类型、位置、范围、程度等信息，具有重要的工程应用价值与理论意义。..结合该项目的研究，培养硕士6名，博士3名，在国内外高水平学术期刊、会议上发表论文19篇，被SCI收录8篇，被EI收录7篇，申请中国专利4项。