多级配球介质磨矿的能量匹配及机理研究

Grinding process needs to consume large amounts of energy and steel (such as steel ball and lining board）. Ball medium is the implement body which grinding function and the deliver of fracture energy. Ball medium has an important position in the process of grinding. However, some basic scientific problems are still not fully solved to improve its ball mill grinding efficiency..The grinding fineness (such as -0.074mm）, which is now mainly used in industry, has the disadvantage to improve the production index. Therefore, in this project, multistage ratio mixed ball medium is application to solve this problem; and using Ball Diameter Equations and two new methods of Crushing Statistic Mechanic and Rapid Recovery Prediction, the following investigations will be carried out: ① the energy matching between a single ball medium movement energy and particular particle size ore crushing energy required; ② the relation between the multilevel ratio ball medium and ore properties and grinding conditions, as well as the matching mechanism of ball medium; ③ the particle size selectivity, fracture probability and grinding dynamics in the optimal multistage match ball medium and grinding mechanism. The goal of this project is build the grinding principle and method for multistage ratio ball medium in close correlation with the ore properties and practical grinding conditions, to improve the grinding efficiency of ball medium. It will provide a new approach in further improving the selective grinding performance and realize the theorectical and technological innovations in the field of grinding.

磨矿需要消耗大量的能量和钢材（钢球和衬板），该过程中球介质既是破碎矿石的实施体，又是破碎能量的传递体，因此在磨矿过程中具有重要地位；然而，迄今有利于提高球介质磨矿效率的一些基础科学问题仍未解决。.本项目针对生产中主要通过提高磨矿细度（如，-0.074mm含量）来提升生产指标的问题，应用球径方程式、破碎统计力学和回收率快速预测新方法，采用多级配球介质，重点研究：①单一球介质运动能量与破碎特定粒度矿石所需能量的匹配性；②多级配球介质与矿石性质和磨矿条件的关联性及其级配机制；③最佳多级配球介质的粒级选择性、破碎概率与磨矿动力学等磨矿机理研究。本项目研究的目标，是构建基于矿石性质和磨矿条件的多级配球介质磨矿原理与方法，提高球介质的磨矿效率，这将为进一步提升选择性磨矿的效能开辟一条新途径，实现磨矿理论与技术创新。

磨矿需要消耗大量的能量和钢材（钢球和衬板），其中磨矿介质既是破碎矿石的实施体，又是破碎能量的传递体，在磨矿过程中具有重要地位。本项目围绕着“球介质运动能量与矿石破碎所需能量的匹配性”与“多级配球介质与矿石性质和磨矿条件的关联性”两个基础科学问题，系统开展了多级配球介质磨矿的能量匹配及机理研究，取得了以下研究结果：（1）基于Davis钢球运动理论推导出单一球介质的运动能量方程，并构建了与实际磨矿环境关联的单一球介质的运动能量与特定粒度矿石破碎所需能量的匹配关系。（2）基于单一球介质运动能量与特定粒度矿石破碎所需能量的匹配关系，结合磨矿产品的粒级分布特性，应用破碎统计力学设计了多级配球介质；对该种多级配球介质，通过磨矿试验，确定钢球直径、配比、充填率、形状、材质等参数与矿石性质（粒度、硬度、韧性、脆性等）和磨矿条件（磨矿浓度、磨矿细度等）的关联性，建立了基于矿石性质和磨矿条件的多级配球介质的能量匹配关系；采用了离散元软件模拟了钢球在磨机内的运动状态，其能量结果与钢球运动理论计算结果非常吻合，验证了其能量匹配性。（3）结合经典磨矿动力学理论，建立了多级配磨矿动力学方程，并将动力学模型中参数与磨矿条件构建了关联。（4）在理论计算、实验室对比试验及模拟结果的基础上进行工业试验验证，工业试验结果表明了采用与矿石破碎能量匹配的钢球制度可有效提高磨机处理能力，改善磨矿产品粒度组成，降低了单位球耗。.本项目构建的基于矿石性质和磨矿条件的多级配球介质磨矿原理与方法，大大提高了球介质的磨矿效率，这将为进一步提升选择性磨矿的效能开辟一条新途径，实现磨矿理论与技术创新。