宽频可变等离子体超材料电磁传输特性及其调控机理研究

In modern warfare, the stealth characteristics and anti-jamming ability of combat platform are more and more demanding. The development of stealth technology is facing great challenges, and stealth technology is currently limited to the inability to achieve global full-band controllable stealth. The metamaterial technology developed in recent years provides a brand-new direction for electromagnetic stealth technology, but the current design of metamaterials for electromagnetic wave frequency band is very narrow with high cost of preparation. It is difficult to achieve the control of broadband electromagnetic wave, which has become a key issue in limiting the next generation of stealth and anti-jamming technologies. To this end, the project plans to carry out a study on the electromagnetic scattering characteristics and regulation mechanism of broadband variable plasma metamaterials by exploring the formation mechanism of broadband variable plasma metamaterials. This paper discusses the propagation mechanism of electromagnetic wave in broadband variable plasma metamaterial to establish the theoretical model of electromagnetic wave propagation and the calculation method of electromagnetic wave time domain in broadband variable plasma metamaterial. By constructing the plasma array with periodic structure, electromagnetic wave scattering simulation and experimental research of broadband variable plasma metamaterial are realized. It is a great significance for the research of new stealth technology and anti-jamming technology to clarify the regulation mechanism of electromagnetic wave propagation in broadband variable plasma metamaterials, and also to provide theoretical and experimental basis for new electromagnetic wave modulation devices and functional metamaterials.

现代战争中，对作战平台的隐身特性和抗干扰能力的要求越来越高，隐身技术的发展正面临巨大挑战，目前隐身技术受限于无法实现全局全波段可控隐身。近年来大力发展的超材料技术为电磁隐身技术提供了全新的方向，但目前设计的超材料对于电磁波作用的频段很窄，制备成本高，很难实现宽频电磁波的控制，这些已经成为限制下一代隐身及抗干扰技术的关键问题。为此，本项目计划开展宽频可变等离子体超材料电磁散射特性及其调控机理研究，探索宽频可变等离子体超材料形成机理；研究宽频可变等离子体超材料中电磁波的传播机制，建立宽频可变等离子体超材料中电磁波传播理论模型和电磁波时域计算方法；通过搭建周期性结构的等离子体阵列实现宽频可变等离子体超材料进行电磁波散射仿真和实验研究，明确电磁波在宽频可变等离子体超材料中传播的调控机理，为新型电磁波调制器件和功能性超材料提供理论和实验基础，对新型隐身技术和抗干扰技术的研究有着重要的意义。

目前针对微等离子体超材料的宽频可变太赫兹波传输特性及其调控机制依然存在较多问题：1）微等离子体超材料与太赫兹波相互作用机理问题，具体表现为微等离子体流体动力学中的随机过程耦合在太赫兹波传播的振幅/相位特性中，其规律和作用机制尚不明确。2）太赫兹波在微等离子体超材料中传输的影响机制尚不明确，这是由于微等离子体超材料是一种色散、非线性、有损耗的复杂介质，且其内部结构存在非平稳时变随机性，严重影响了太赫兹波在等离子体中传输及散射特性。3）微等离子体超材料的太赫兹波传输的调控机制影响因素问题，等离子体超材料中太赫兹波的调控机制除了受微等离子体本身特性的影响，还与微等离子体单元的空间分布和时间分布有关，调控机制需要经过相应实验手段进行验证。因此，本项目通过开展微等离子体超材料宽频太赫兹波传输特性及其调控机理研究，建立电磁波在宽频可变等离子体超材料中传输理论；阐明电磁波和宽频可变等离子体超材料相互作用的物理机制。同时，建立宽频可变等离子体超材料电磁波散射理论，提出基于宽频可变等离子体超材料调制电磁波传输的设计方案。为新型太赫兹波调制器件和功能性超材料提供理论和实验基础，对新型隐身技术和抗干扰技术的研究有着重要的意义。