Air pollution is worsening in China nowadays, and fog and haze hit many major cities occasionally. The Pb content in overground part of plants is affected in different degrees by Pb in atmospheric dust. Researches about Pb from atmospheric dust are now focused on the influence of plant leaves or leaf vegetables, but few researches are focused on the Pb dust effect on grain crops, such as wheat. The mechanism of absorption, migration, and transfer of Pb in wheat from atmospheric dust still need to be explored and illuminated. This program is to reveal the migration and transport mechanisms of Pb in the system of atmospheric dust-wheat-soil under the current weather conditions considering the research characteristics and working conditions of the applicants and collaborators. Pot experiments in indoor with no atmospheric dust exposure and outdoor which are of atmospheric dust exposure to plants will be developed. Soils, which will be used in the pot experiments, are fertilized using sewage sludge and not fertilized, respectively. And the pot experiments will be performed in districts that are surrounding metal smelter which are of high Pb sedimentation, and suburban area which is of low Pb sedimentation. And the Pb isotopic tracer, synchrotron radiation, scanning electron and microscopy techniques will be used to research the existing forms and migration transport mechanism of Pb in atmospheric dust- wheat-soil medium, and the contribution from atmospheric dust on wheat Pb will be quantifying in the sub-cellular level, and therefore provide a reference to the agricultural products quality safe control in the future.
我国大气污染日趋严重,雾霾天气时有发生。植物地上部组织中的Pb含量不同程度的受到来自大气降尘中Pb的影响,目前关于大气降尘中Pb对植物的影响研究多集中在植物叶片或叶菜类蔬菜上,对籽粒类农作物(小麦)的研究并不多。籽粒类农作物小麦对大气降尘中Pb的吸收、迁移和转运机制仍有待探索。为揭示当前气候条件下,Pb在大气降尘-小麦-土壤中的迁移-转运机制,本项目结合申请人及合作者的研究特点,采用污泥长期施用区Pb 污染土壤和未施用区自然土壤,在Pb 金属冶炼厂周边区域(大气Pb 高沉降区域)和城郊区域(大气Pb 低沉降区域)开展室内非大气降尘暴露盆栽和室外大气降尘暴露盆栽试验。运用Pb 同位素示踪、同步辐射、电镜扫描等技术,从亚细胞水平上,分析Pb 在大气降尘中的赋存形态以及大气降尘-小麦-土壤等介质中的分布特征以及迁移-转运机制,量化大气降尘对小麦Pb 的贡献,为进一步控制农产品质量安全提供参考。
为揭示大气降尘中和土壤中Pb对小麦Pb吸收的影响,分别在济源某铅冶炼厂周边区域(大气Pb 高沉降区域)和郑州西北郊区(大气Pb 低沉降区域)开展大田及盆栽试验,研究了Pb在大气降尘-小麦-土壤中的迁移-转运机制,并采用稳定同位技术量化了土壤、大气降尘对小麦Pb 的贡献率。结果表明:1、两个区域土壤和大气降尘的Pb稳定同位素比值均存在显著差异,大气Pb低沉降区的土壤中Pb主要以残渣态形式存在,而降尘中Pb大多以可还原态形式存在。大气Pb 高沉降区的土壤和降尘中Pb均以可还原态为主,大气Pb高沉降区土壤及降尘中Pb更高的生物活性,其“高”不仅指高的Pb含量,更表示其更高的环境生态风险。2、研究期间内大气Pb高沉降区小麦根、茎、叶、籽粒中Pb大气降尘的贡献率分别为14%、66%、84%、77%,在大气Pb低沉降区小麦根、茎、叶、籽粒中Pb大气沉降的贡献率分别为49%、73%、93%、83%。在大气Pb低沉降区降尘对于小麦植株的Pb贡献率均要高于大气Pb高沉降区,结合小麦各组织Pb同位素与环境介质Pb同位素呈显著相关性以及小麦和环境介质同位素组成特征分析,大气降尘均是两个大气沉降区小麦地上部籽粒、叶、茎中Pb的主要来源,小麦根中Pb多来源于土壤,其中大气Pb高沉降区土壤对于小麦根的Pb贡献率要显著高于大气Pb低沉降区;3、大气低沉降区不同大气降尘暴露情况下,大气降尘均是大气降尘暴露区和非暴露区小麦籽粒、麦糠Pb的主要来源,其中,大气降尘对暴漏区小麦组织的贡献率要显著高于非对暴漏区小麦组织中Pb的贡献率。小麦根中Pb多来源于土壤,其中大气降尘非暴露区土壤对于小麦根的Pb贡献率要显著高于大气降尘暴露区,表明小麦叶片从大气降尘中吸收Pb元素,并分别通过茎迁移转运根和籽粒中的规律。因此,大气降尘是小麦组织地上部Pb来源的主要途径,采取措施降低大气降尘对小麦籽粒的Pb污染对于保证粮食安全显得尤为重要。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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