磁性固相萃取比率荧光探针的构筑及其在环境分析中的应用

Sample pretreatment technology is an important step in environmental analytical chemistry. As an advantageous sample pretreatment approach，the solid phase extraction(SPE) technology has been widely developed and applied. Recently, due to the characteristics of high efficiency on rapid adsorption and separation, the magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) technology has attracted a wide research interests. However, the synchronization of enrichment, separation and detection processes to improve efficiency and accuracy is a key scientific issue of this technique. This project is aimed to build multifunctional magnetic SPE materials based on the integration of organic fluorescent probe synthesis, magnetic nano-materials preparation and nano-composite approaches. We would like to combine magnetic core and fluorescent sensing probe in one nanoparticle to form “all-in-one” nano probe. The magnetic nano-probe can be used to realize easy magnetic separation and rapid fluorescent detection of targeted analytes without any elution. It will simplify the enrichment and determination of trace level of environmental pollutants from complex matrix. The ratiometric probes are further planed to enhance the accuracy of the method. We will study structure/properties relationship of the obtained extractants; and further understand and optimize the properties of 'ratiometric fluorescent probe-based magnetic solid-phase extractants'. The novel titled extactants are expected to have the following features: high loading volume (nano-scale), high selectivity (molecular sensing probe), high resistance to interference (magnetic extraction and ratiometric fluorescent detection), high sensitivity (magnetic enrichment and fluorescent detection), high-fidelity and high precision (ratiometric detection). The success of program will significantly benefit the rapid environmental determination and expand the SPE technology.

样品前处理技术是环境分析化学中一个重要的环节。其中，固相萃取技术作为一种高效样品预处理方法已被广泛应用。近年来，磁性固相萃取技术由于具有高效的吸附、分离等特性已成为这一领域的研究热点。而如何实现该技术的富集分离、检测同步化，提高操作效率与准确度是这一技术亟待解决的前沿科学问题。本项目拟采用有机荧光探针合成、磁性纳米制备以及纳米复合等手段，制备新型一体化多功能磁性固相萃取纳米材料。拟将磁性固相萃取技术和分子（或离子）识别比率荧光传感技术有机结合起来，发展新型“一材多用”的纳米基‘磁性固相萃取-比率荧光探针’，用于环境污染物的痕量分析。新型’磁性固相萃取-荧光探针’有望同时具有多种并提高的各种性能：高容量（纳米级）、超高选择性（分子基识别探针）、超强抗干扰能力（磁性分离，荧光比率信号）、高灵敏度（磁性富集及荧光检测信号）以及高精度高保真（比率荧光信号）。可以应对复杂的环境体系，实现对水体中的痕量或超痕量污染物进行快速分离和检测。

样品前处理技术是实现复杂环境中样品的高效分析的首要环节。因此，如何利用高效的萃取技术简化样品预处理步骤，并且实现样品同步分离和检测成为环境分析化学研究领域的热点。本项目拟采用有机荧光探针合成、磁性纳米制备以及纳米复合等手段，制备新型一体化多功能磁性固相萃取纳米材料。拟将磁性固相萃取技术和分子（或离子）识别比率荧光传感技术有机结合起来，发展新型“一材多用”的纳米基“磁性固相萃取-比率荧光探针”，用于环境污染物的痕量分析。在实验研究过程中，我们合成了多种针对环境污染物的有机小分子探针，如汞离子、氟离子、铜离子、H2S、次氯酸等诸多污染物，并发表于多篇SCI杂志上；第二，我们以这些小分析探针为基础，合成出可以实时分析环境水体污染物的纳米胶束探针，并成功用于后续的定量检测工作；此外，我们还合成了部分磁性纳米Fe3O4@SiO2内核，用于磁性探针的构筑。以上所做工作，可以应用于复杂的环境体系，实现对水体中的痕量或超痕量污染物进行快速分离和检测，这不仅为环境治理提供了准确的数据支撑，而且对实现复杂体系的在线检测也提供了研究基础。