三江平原湿地农田化过程中生物质燃烧的黑碳排放动态研究

Biomass types and mass of fuel burned have changed, as a result of the dramatic change from wetland to dry land, even to rice land in Sanjiang Plain, and this also led to variation of black carbon emission from biomass burning. However, very limited studies about black carbon emission were conducted in this region, and the change of biomass type and mass of fuel burned were also unknown. In order to improve the accuracy of inventory for black carbon emission, researches about the biomass burning and black carbon emission should be conducted in this region immediately. This proposal will choose the typical wetland plant and agricultural straw as objective samples, study the change of biomass types and mass of fuel burned, via the statistic and MODIS data, and aim to reveal the dynamic change of biomass burning during the land use change in Sanjiang Plain in the past 50 years. The emission factor of black carbon from biomass burning will be determined via the aerosol sampler during the biomass open burning. Inventory for black carbon emission will also be evaluated according to the mass of fuel burned and emission factor of black carbon. Then the dynamics change of black carbon emission was analyzed during the land use change in Sanjian Plain. Therefore, this study could build the relationship between biomass burning and black carbon emission, and the results would be beneficial to improve the uncertainty of emission inventory for black carbon, and provide original data to support the real time forecasting for the dust haze and air pollution control.

三江平原经历了湿地-旱田-水田的急剧农田化过程，导致了生物质种类和燃烧量发生了巨大变化，也引起了区域黑碳排放量的显著变化。但目前缺乏对该区黑碳的研究，甚至对生物质的种类和燃烧量的变化状况尚不清楚。这已严重影响了生物质燃烧量和黑碳排放清单的准确性而急需开展相关研究。本项目以该区的典型湿地植物和农作物秸秆为研究对象，通过统计资料分析和MODIS遥感数据校正，研究生物质种类和燃烧量的变化，揭示三江平原土地利用变化过程中生物质燃烧的动态变化规律；通过野外火烧过程实时监测试验，确定黑碳的排放因子；综合分析以上两方面数据，揭示湿地农田化过程中黑碳排放的动态变化规律。本项目的执行，将深入认识湿地农田化过程中生物质燃烧排放的黑碳变化。项目的研究成果将提高区域黑碳排放清单的准确性，为区域灰霾天气的实时预报和污染防治提供科学支撑。

本项目针对我国东北三江平原地区剧烈湿地农田化过程中引起的生物质类型、燃烧量的巨大变化，以及由此带来的黑碳排放量的显著变化，开展了湿地农田化过程生物质燃烧的颗粒物排放研究，以明确湿地农田化过程中生物质燃烧的种类和燃烧量的动态变化，提高生物质燃烧源的颗粒物及黑碳的排放清单的准确性。主要研究工作包括开展了农作物秸秆和湿地植物露天燃烧的野外实时监测试验和露天燃烧前后15天的颗粒物监测试验，获得了生物质燃烧的颗粒物及黑碳排放特征；通过对统计资料的搜集整理和MODIS卫星遥感数据的相关验证，获得了三江平原湿地农田化过程中生物质燃烧的类型、燃烧量的动态变化；最后综合以上数据，揭示了湿地农田化过程中生物质燃烧源的颗粒物及黑碳的排放动态变化。研究结果表明随着湿地农田化过程的开展，该区生物质燃烧类型逐渐由湿地植物变为农作物秸秆，而稻田秸秆的露天燃烧成为该区大气污染物的主要来源之一。生物质燃烧源的黑碳排放量也随着湿地农田化过程呈现逐年增加的趋势。该研究获得了生物质燃烧源的气体及颗粒物的排放清单，提高了区域大气污染物排放清单的准确性，为区域雾霾天气的实时预报和污染防治提供了科学支撑。通过本研究工作的开展，认识到东北地区生物质露天燃烧的污染物排放对近年来日益严重的区域雾霾污染具有重要的影响，还需进一步加强生物质露天燃烧对区域雾霾污染影响方面的研究。