应力波在节理岩体中的能量衰减机制

Stress wave propagation in jointed rock masses is a coupled problem between dynamic response of jointed rock masses and wave attenuation. Energy attenuation of stress wave is attributed to four mechanisms. So far, only one or two aspects of this coupled problem have been studied; some aspects are still poorly understood. And hence, it is impossible to integratedly study this coupled problem. By combining theoretical analysis, experimental testing and numerical modeling, this project is to study the mechanism of stress wave energy attenuation in jointed rock masses. Firstly, the damage evolution model of rock material and joints subject to dynamic loading will be established. And its effects on wave attenuation will be studied. Secondly, transient evolution models of joint stiffness will be built, with which, reflection and transmission coefficients of a single joint could be obtained. Subsequently, integrated analysis of wave propagation in jointed rock masses will be conducted, and the four mechanisms of stress wave energy attenuation will be discussed. Finally, empirical equation of wave attenuation in jointed rock masses will be derived for engineering application purpose. This research is of both significant academic merits and important engineering applications such as rock engineering, geological engineering, protective engineering and earthquake engineering.

应力波在节理岩体中的传播是一个耦合问题，涉及节理岩体的动态响应，以及岩体导致的应力波衰减。而应力波能量的衰减是由于四个机制造成的。目前，只是局部性的研究了该耦合问题的一个或者两个方面，对某些方面还缺乏认识，因而，无法从总体上系统把握这个耦合问题。本课题有机结合理论分析、实验测试、数值模拟手段，研究应力波在节理岩体中的能量衰减机制。首先，建立应力波导致的岩石材料与节理的损伤演化模型，并探讨其对应力波能量耗散的影响；其次，构建节理刚度瞬态演化模型，并获得应力波在节理处透反射系数；随后，系统分析节理岩体波传播过程，明确四个能量衰减机制对应力波传播的影响规律；最终，建立适于工程应用的应力波能量衰减经验公式。上述研究不仅具有较高的基础研究意义，并可以应用于岩石工程、地质工程、防护工程、地震工程等领域，有着重要的应用价值。

应力波在节理岩体中的传播是一个耦合问题，涉及节理岩体的动态响应，以及岩体导致的应力波衰减。国内外对这类的研究往往只是局限于该耦合问题的一个或者两个方面。本项目针对应力波在节理岩体中的传播进行了深入研究。在试验方面，首先辨别出一种最适合用于模拟脆性硬岩的3D打印材料，并且提出三种增加该材料脆性特征的方法。随后，基于3D打印和CT扫描技术开展了岩石在静态和动态荷载作用下岩石三维裂纹扩展与贯通特性的研究。在此基础上，研究了动态冲击作用下，岩石节理和岩石杆的内部损伤演化及其对应力波传播的影响规律。在数值模拟方面，构建了模拟的霍普金森压杆与霍普金森拉杆试验模型，系统探讨了岩体在应力波扰动下的动态力学效应。同时，在传统霍普金森杆研究的基础上，开展了动静联合作用下以及不同初始地应力下岩石的动态强度特性研究。通过建立节理岩体地下硐室数值模型，分析了应力波在不用节理空间分布及力学性质下的透反射规律和节理岩体地下硐室的稳定性。