近海海洋渔业的卫星遥感应用方法与关键技术

Zhejiang Province is well known for its inshore and offshore fisheries, and Zhoushan hosts the largest fishing ground in China. In past years, the inshore fishery resources have significantly declined due to overfishing and other excessive human activities. The sustainable production of many inshore fishery species has been severely undermined by the adverse ecological change and the isolation and defunctionalization of spawning and nursery grounds..Satellite ocean remote sensing plays an important role in the sustainability of inshore and offshore fisheries. This project is to research and develop key technologies of satellite ocean remote sensing and their applications to marine fisheries. The proposed research and development tasks attempt to promote and accelerate the informationization and industrialization process in fishery industry by seamlessly integrating a number of cutting-edge techniques including ocean color remote sensing, fishing ground analysis and forecasting, big data and cloud computing. The technical merits of the project are multifold. i) Novel approaches to data processing and analysis are used to strengthen remote sensing technology to support accurate fishery research. ii) The key technologies of intelligentized and automated fishing ground analysis, information dissemination, and scientific evaluation of fishing ground models are augmented by spatial surveillance information technology, including data mining, data fusion, and forecasting models. iii) A production-level remote sensing and fishing information service based on cloud computing and big data technologies facilitates the development of real-time fishery management. iv) The fishery big data, including remote sensing and real-time data is analyzed and synthesized to avoid overfishing and protect the environmental quality of fishery grounds, hence achieving the sustainability of fishery resources..In sum, the project paves a feasible and promising way to the informationization and industrialization of fishing industry and sustainable utilization of ocean fishery resources of great importance in the future. The proposed research is of both scientific and societal significance to the marine economy in Zhejiang Province and Chinese inshore fishery.

浙江是个渔业大省、舟山渔场是我国最大的渔场。我国近海渔业面临过度捕捞造成的资源量骤减和生态环境恶化造成的关键栖息地退化等多重压力。卫星海洋遥感在近海渔业资源可持续发展具有重要作用。本项目拟结合海洋遥感、渔情预报和云计算技术，系统地研究海洋遥感应用于近海渔业信息化和工业化深度融合中的科学问题和关键技术。通过开展研究遥感信息综合新模式和基于卫星遥感实时探测近海渔场时空分布和生境环境的机理；研究东海渔业资源适度开发、渔情预报应用的遥感增值产品及渔业遥感大数据的信息传播机制；研究遥感大数据促进浙江省周边海域渔场环境保护、渔业大数据推动近海渔业可持续发展的新思路、新方法和新技术。探讨近海渔业遥感应用新机理，促进渔业资源保护与开发利用并重，为近海渔业生产提供增值产品及便捷的遥感信息实时服务，上述研究对推动近海渔业信息化和可持续发展十分必要，对于浙江省乃至全国近海渔业具有重要的科学和实际意义。

我国近海渔业面临过度捕捞造成的资源量骤减和生态环境恶化造成的关键栖息地退化等多重压力。项目以云计算和大数据为技术架构，采取卫星遥感、资料分析、理论模型和数值模拟等方法，系统地研究海洋遥感服务近海渔业过程中工业化与信息化深度融合领域中具有共性的重大科学问题和关键技术问题。.项目开发了基于互联网的海洋遥感渔业应用的数据生产与发布系统，建设了Hadoop-GPU数据处理系统，发展了适用于弱网络野外作业的WebGIS应用框架；研发了利用GOCI数据采用最大相关系数法反演海表流场，并提出了一种角度约束的遥感反演流场的高精度处理方法。项目依据东海鲐鱼生物学特点，编写了IBM的产卵、卵孵化、生长、死亡、游泳模块，用FVCOM生成的物理场进行驱动，成功建立起了FVCOM和IBM相耦合的东海鲐鱼模型。利用该耦合模型模拟了东中国海鲐鱼仔幼鱼的输运、生长、联通和补充过程，并取得相关的研究成果。模式同化采用水色遥感数据源包括极轨卫星和静止轨道水色卫星，遥感产品分为温度、海面高度、叶绿素等。鲐鱼渔情预报产品是结合鲐鱼历史捕捞结果，通过建立鲐鱼渔业环境模型获取。项目开发了基于栖息地指数模型及贝叶斯的渔情预报模型，共提供9种渔情预报模型结果用于对东黄海鲐鱼渔情进行分析。.自2017年6月起，每日发布海况渔情数据。遥感渔业应用服务资源可分为海洋遥感数据、模式同化遥感产品与渔情预报产品。数据资源为海洋遥感数据3类、同化及模式数据5种、渔情数据1类，并通过国家海洋科学数据中心共享。项目累计发表论文34篇，其中 SCI 13 篇，中文核心11篇；申请软件著作权登记2项，发明专利 12 项，其中授权发明专利7项。本项研究为近海渔业生产提供增值产品及便捷的遥感信息实时服务，对推动近海渔业信息化和可持续发展十分必要，对浙江省乃至全国近海渔业具有重要的科学和实际意义。