含能微孔有机聚合物的制备与性能研究

High energy and insensitivity is the principal contradiction of the development of energetic materials. Recently, the research of metal-organic frameworks has inspired new path for solving the contradiction. This project will prepare energetic microporous organic polymers with high energy and low sensitivity using nucleophilic and electrophilic compounds as monomers through nucleophilic substitution reaction. The surface area, pore size, density and morphology of as prepared polymers will be manipulated through selection proper monomers, solvents, catalysts and adjusting reaction temperature and time. The polymers will be characterized by elemental analysis, solid-state cross-polarization magic angle spinning carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, TEM and specific surface area determination to understand the monomer conversion and composition of polymers. Find the relationship of polymer structures and reaction conditions. The thermal decomposition characteristics, combustion energy, detonation velocity, detonation pressure and sensitivity of the polymers will be measured. The relationship of polymer compositions, structures with their combustion energy and sensitivity will be disclosed. It is essential to select energetic microporous organic polymers with excellent comprehensive properties and investigate their potential application as energetic materials. This research will provide theoretical and experimental guidance for the preparation of new energetic materials.

高能与钝感是含能材料研究的关键矛盾。近年来，金属有机框架的研究为矛盾的解决开启了新思路。本项目以亲核含能化合物和亲电含能化合物分别作为结构单元，采用亲核取代反应制备高能量、低感度微孔有机聚合物。通过选择合适的单体、溶剂以及催化剂，调节反应温度、时间等来调控聚合物的比表面积、孔径、密度和形貌等。通过元素分析、固态核磁、FT-IR、XPS、SEM、TEM、比表面积测试等对聚合物的组成和形貌进行表征。明确单体的转化率，聚合物的元素组成等信息，并总结反应条件与聚合物结构的关系。测试聚合物的热分解特性、热值、爆速、爆压、感度等，揭示聚合物的组成、结构与其热值和感度等的关系。筛选综合性能优良的含能微孔有机聚合物，探讨其作为含能材料的潜在应用价值。研究结果将为新型含能材料的制备提供理论借鉴和实验指导。

含能微孔聚合物得益于其孔状结构，能够在三维空间中将含能基团隔离开来，从而显著降低机械感度。本项目制备了几种重要的含能单体化合物，并进行了结构表征。合成了一系列含能微孔聚合物，表征了聚合物的结构，研究聚合物的物理化学性质，获得聚合物材料的热分解温度、单位质量放热量、撞击感度、摩擦感度等重要数据。部分聚合物具有较高的热值和很低的感度，获得了含能材料高能量与低感度的统一。研究了聚合物对传统含能材料的降感行为，发现分散在聚合物中的HMX和CL-20感度均显著降低，表明这类聚合物材料有望应用于配方中。在国内外学术期刊上公开发表论文9篇，申请专利1项，联合培养研究生一名。