垃圾填埋场渗滤液中PPCPs赋存特征的主导影响因素及其影响机制研究

The reduction of environmental risks caused by pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) relies on a comprehensive understanding of the emission sources of PPCPs and hence their sound management. Compared to other high-profile emission sources of PPCPs, landfill leachates have received much less attention, although they usually contain PPCPs in extremely high levels. Therefore, in this study, we aim to investigate the occurrence of PPCPs in a large number of leachates collected in different landfills. Then, the variation of PPCPs in the landfill leachates caused by different factors such as seasons, rainfall, and landfill ages, will be further studied. Finally, the relationship between the characteristics of landfills together with other potential factors and occurrence of PPCPs will be studied using two advanced methods, multivariable statistical approach based on multidimensional scaling analysis and grey correlation analysis, and deep learning techniques based on restricted Boltzmann machine. This result, together with the responding variation of PPCPs caused by different factors in the landfill leachates, will be used to identify the leading factors influencing the occurrence of PPCPs in landfill leachates, as well as to elucidate their influencing mechanisms. This project will take advantage of novel methods in mathematics and informatics, and try to make a breakthrough in the current knowledge of PPCPs in leachates based on a multidisciplinary study. The results help comprehensively understand the occurrence of PPCPs and their influencing factors in the landfill leachates, which will scientifically support the decrease of PPCPs pollution in landfill leachates and further the reduction of their adverse effects to the surrounding environment.

水环境中药物和个人护理品（PPCPs）的风险削减有赖于对PPCPs排放源的全面认识和有效管理。相比于其他排放源，垃圾渗滤液通常含有高浓度的PPCPs，但由于缺少系统的研究，认知相对匮乏。因此，本研究拟通过对重点城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的普查分析，揭示垃圾渗滤液中PPCPs的赋存特征；在此基础上，选择典型垃圾填埋场，综合考虑季节、降雨和填埋时间等影响因素，深入研究渗滤液中PPCPs的变化响应规律；分别采用基于多维标度分析和灰色关联分析的多元统计学方法，以及基于限制玻尔兹曼机降维分析的深度学习技术，对垃圾填埋场特征参数与PPCPs存在水平的关系进行分析，结合变化响应规律，识别垃圾渗滤液中PPCPs的主导影响因素，解析其影响机制。研究利用数学和信息学的前沿方法，多学科交叉，全面掌握垃圾渗滤液中PPCPs赋存规律及其主导影响因素，为降低渗滤液中PPCPs污染及其对周围环境的影响提供科学支撑。

过期或未使用的药物和个人护理品（PPCPs）随生活垃圾进入垃圾填埋场，在固体废弃物游离水、雨水以及地表径流等的淋滤作用下进入渗滤液；若处理不当，可能对周边环境产生极高的环境风险，是长期被忽视的PPCPs排放源。目前，对垃圾渗滤液中PPCPs赋存特征认识有限，难以实现其稳定去除，使得垃圾渗滤液中PPCPs动态变化的成因和控制成为亟待解决的关键科学问题。鉴于此，项目揭示了我国重点城市垃圾渗滤液中PPCPs的赋存特征，阐明了垃圾渗滤液中PPCPs的变化响应规律，识别了影响垃圾渗滤液中PPCPs赋存水平的主导因素及机制。取得重要研究结果如下：.（1）阐明了我国垃圾渗滤液中PPCPs的总体水平和分布特征：渗滤液中不同种类PPCPs浓度中位值为8.5 ng/L~38.1 μg/L，其中非抗生素类PPCPs污染水平高于抗生素类PPCPs。.（2）评估了现有填埋场渗滤液处理工艺对PPCPs的去除效果：大多数目标PPCPs在不同填埋场渗滤液处理过程中均能被有效削减，去除率中位值在88%~96%。.（3）揭示了垃圾渗滤液中PPCPs对周围环境/受纳市政污水处理厂的影响：垃圾渗滤液可能是影响其周边地下水中PPCPs污染的重要来源之一；若渗滤液经处理后出水排放至市政污水处理厂，仅会造成少数PPCPs处理负荷增加，影响其去除率。.（4）通过对华东某市典型垃圾填埋场逐月跟踪监测和多次极端降雨事件前后分析，阐明了渗滤液中PPCPs季节性变化规律，识别出降雨是影响季节性变化的重要因素；解析降雨导致药物加速溶出和多相间分配的影响机制。.（5）结合PPCPs赋存特征和变化响应规律，识别出社会经济发展因素和填埋场特征参数（如固废来源、填埋场运营状态、填埋场日填埋量）等是影响不同垃圾填埋场渗滤液中PPCPs赋存水平的主导影响因素。.项目取得了丰硕的成果：发表期刊论文18篇，1篇论文入选ESI高被引论文，1篇论文入选ES&T封面论文，申请发明专利2件，培养研究生4名，项目负责人入选教育部青年长江学者、上海市青年拔尖人才，获教育部自然科学奖一等奖、中国化学会首届青年环境化学奖等。