陶瓷基复合材料仿生强韧化/抗冲蚀特性耦合构筑及其4D打印制备

To fulfill the rigorous requirements for mechanical properties and erosion resistance of ceramic materials in aviation and military industries, this project provides a new research viewpoint of bionic ceramic matrix composites, which is a set of bio-multiple coupling analysis, multi-scale bionic coupling modeling and efficient refined preparation methods of bionic composites, for collaboratively optimizing the mechanical properties and erosion resistance of bionic ceramic matrix composites. It mainly includes illuminating the biomaterial construction strategy of mantis shrimp‘s dactyl club of and desert scorpion‘s dorsal mesosoma, revealing their mechanism of strengthening and anti-erosion respectively. Based on material genomics and coupling bionics theory, establish a coupling bionic strengthening/anti-erosion composites model, to guide the design of bionic ceramic matrix composite construction strategy; Based on the direct writing printing technology. couple shear-stress field for controlling the arrangement of bionic reinforcements, research the refined preparation methods of bionic ceramic matrix composites, which have controllable distribution and matching optimization of localized mechanical performance; Based on the 4D printing concept of 3D printing combining with shape-morphing assembly, developing the precursors printing paste of elastic polyurethane matrix with biomimetic composite ceramic. By utilizing the deformable properties of elastic ceramic precursors, the preparation efficiency of bionic composite ceramics with complex erosion-resistant morphology can be improved. This project is expected to achieve breakthroughs in the shape complexity of large ceramic structures, mechanical properties, environmental adaptability and manufacturing cost.

本项目针对航空、军工等行业对陶瓷材料力学性能及抗冲蚀性能的严苛要求，提出一种集生物多元耦合分析、多尺度仿生耦合建模及仿生复合材料高效、精细化增材制造方法于一体，面向力学性能和抗冲蚀性能协同优化的仿生陶瓷基复合材料新研究思路，主要包括：阐明雀尾螳螂虾锤状趾棒、沙漠蝎中体背侧材料构建策略及强韧化、抗冲蚀机理，基于材料基因组学和耦合仿生学理论，构建仿生强韧化/抗冲蚀耦合特性复合材料模型，指导设计仿生陶瓷基复合材料构筑策略；基于直写成型打印技术，辅加耦合剪应力场控制仿生增强体排列分布，研究局域力学性能分布可控与匹配优化的仿生陶瓷基复合材料精细化制备方法；基于3D打印+自变形组装的4D打印理念，研发弹性聚氨酯基仿生复合陶瓷前驱体打印浆料，利用弹性陶瓷前驱体的可变形特性，提高具有复杂抗冲蚀形态的仿生复合陶瓷制备效率。有望在大尺寸陶瓷结构的形状复杂程度、机械性能、环境适应能力和制造成本上实现突破。

本项目以雀尾螳螂虾锤状趾棒梯度强韧化生物材料及为生物原型，建立了多级梯度仿生复合材料强韧化结构模型。研制了可用于直写成型3D打印技术的仿生陶瓷复合材料打印浆料，并基于建立的仿生强韧化结构模型分别制备了单、多级梯度仿生陶瓷复合材料样件。基于传统直写成型3D打印技术设计搭建了耦合应力场辅助3D打印装置，实现了片状氧化铝和莫来石短纤维两种微尺度增强相在打印路径中的排列可控，提高了多级梯度仿生陶瓷复合材料试样3D打印制备的精细化程度，从而进一步提高了所制备多级梯度仿生复合陶瓷样件的强韧化性能。研究了浆料固相含量，打印路径偏转角度、增强相几何形状、增强相含量以及耦合应力场对3D打印多级梯度仿生复合陶瓷样件力学性能的影响机制，揭示了不同尺度下多级梯度仿生陶瓷复合材料样件的强韧化机理。以沙漠蝎中体背板抗冲蚀表面形态为生物模本，建立了沟槽型和凸包型仿生抗冲蚀表面形态模型。采用耦合应力场辅助3D打印技术制备了强韧化/抗冲蚀性能协同优化的仿生陶瓷样件，并通过冲蚀磨损台架试验、数值模拟分析等手段对其强韧化/抗冲蚀性能进行了分析，研究表明仿生抗冲蚀表面形态能够有效改善仿生陶瓷样件的抗冲蚀性能。开发了弹性前驱体衍生陶瓷打印浆料，并采用两种方案实现了不同尺寸沟槽型仿生抗冲蚀复合陶瓷样件的4D打印制备，有效地将三维打印方案简化为二维打印方案，大幅提高了仿生复合陶瓷样件的制备效率。