澜沧江流域水电梯级开发对生源物质的影响研究

The ecological and environmental cumulative effects of cascade hydropower constructions have been important issues which influence the sustainable development of water resources and hydropower engineering. Cumulative effects are particularly highlighted in the cascade hydropower developments of international rivers. The Lancang River is selected as research area in this program. Through field monitoring, laboratory control experiments and numerical simulations, the characteristics of biogenic matters such as nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon along the mainstream of the Lancang River will be clarified. Meanwhile, the cumulative effects of these matters in different reservoirs will be analyzed. Through research of the rules of water distributions, sediment interception and temperature accumulation among cascade reservoirs, the mechanism of cumulative effects of biogenic matters by the cascade hydropower development of the Lancang River will be analysed . The relationship between cascade reservoirs operation and the biogenic matters accumulation will be built, which can support the theoretical basis for alleviating the ecological environment problems. The results can not only deepen the knowledge of cascade hydropower development effectson ecological environment, but also provide theoretical support for eco-environment conflicts solution of cascadehydropower developments.

梯级水电建设的生态环境累积效应一直是影响水利水电工程可持续发展的重要问题，其在国际河流梯级水电开发中尤为突出。本项目拟以澜沧江为研究对象，通过现场监测、控制实验和数值模拟等方法，阐明澜沧江干流水体的氮、磷、硅等生源物质的沿程变化规律，分析生源物质在不同水库群间的累积作用；通过研究梯级水库群水量分配规律、泥沙拦截效应、温度累积效应，确定澜沧江梯级水电开发对生源物质的累积影响机制；弄清不同梯级水库群调度方式对生源物质分布及累积效应的影响，并构建水库调度-生源物质累积的相关关系，为缓解澜沧江梯级水电开发的生态环境问题提供数据支撑和理论依据。该研究既可深化我国关于梯级水电开发对生态环境影响的认识，又可为解决梯级水电开发产生的生态环境问题提供理论支撑。

项目以澜沧江自然河流段、梯级水库段和怒江自然河流段为研究对象，开展了大型水库生源物质（气态）监测方法构建，澜沧江梯级水库对氮形态及来源的影响，澜沧江梯级水库对磷形态的影响，澜沧江梯级水库对有机质及TOC来源的影响，澜沧江梯级水库对沉积物粒径及组分的影响，澜沧江梯级水库对沿程水温分布变异的影响，澜沧江梯级水库水流-水质耦合数值仿真模型，澜沧江流域生源物质滞留效应评估；在《Water Research》、《水利学报》等国内外期刊上发表论文56篇，其中SCI、EI检索38篇；申报发明专利20项，授权8项；相关研究成果得到了国内外专家的认可，部分成果已在国内外相关领域推广应用，有力支撑了重大研究计划相关科学问题的解决。