多模块式高温气冷堆核能系统的协调控制方法研究

Because of its inherent safety, high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) has been seen as one of the best candidates for Generation IV nuclear energy system. However, the inherent safety of a HTGR also leads to low power density and small thermal power. In order to enlarge the total plant power, it is necessary to adopt the scheme of multiple nuclear steam supply systems (NSSSs)driving one steam turbine/generator set, i.e. to develop the multi-modular high temperature gas-cooled nuclear energy system (MMHTGS). Since the regulation of the MMHTGS is much more complicated than that of the mostly common single modular nuclear energy system, it is important to establish the coordination control method for the MMHTGS. Based on physically analyzing the self-stability of different subsystems and the interconnection among them, the coordination control law of the MMHTGS is proposed through strengthening the parts of system dynamics and interconnections good to stabilization and suppressing the harmful parts. This coordination control law is composed of the nonlinear adaptive controllers of both the reactor and steam generator and the coordination controllers relative to the interconnections between the reactor and steam generator, among the NSSSs, and between the NSSSs and steam turbine. This coordination control method can be easily generalized to other types of multi-modular nuclear energy system (MMNES), which fills the gap of the research on coordination control for MMNES in China.

因具有固有安全性，高温气冷堆被视为第四代核能系统的首选堆型之一。然而固有安全性也导致高温气冷堆的功率密度低且热功率小，为提升电站总功率，需用多套核蒸汽供应系统驱动一套汽轮发电机组，即发展多模块式高温气冷堆核能系统。由于该型核能系统在调节方面远比目前广泛使用的单模块式核能系统要复杂，因此发展协调控制方法具有重要意义。本项目在分析多模块式高温气冷堆核能系统中不同对象的自稳定性和相互间耦合机理的基础上，通过加强不同对象自身动态特性及相互间耦合效应中对系统镇定有益的部分，减弱或抵消有害的部分，分别给出了反应堆和蒸汽发生器的非线性自适应控制器以及反应堆与蒸汽发生器之间、不同核蒸汽供应系统之间、核蒸汽供应系统与汽轮发电机组之间的协调控制器，从而形成了多模块式高温气冷堆核能系统的协调控制方法。该协调控制方法易推广应用于其它类型的多模块式核能系统，并将填补我国在多模块式核能系统协调控制方法研究方面的空白。

由于具有固有安全性，模块式高温气冷堆（Modular High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor, MHTGR)被视为下一代核能机组的首选堆型之一。为了保证固有安全性，MHTGR的功率密度低，单堆热功率较小。为了构建大容量机组，需要采用多模块方案，即利用多个基于MHTGR的核蒸汽供应系统（Nuclear Steam Supply System, NSSS）模块产生的过热蒸汽并汽驱动公共的汽轮发电机组。由于多个NSSS模块通过公用热负荷装置紧密耦合起来，因此需要发展多模块协调控制方法保证电站安全、稳定、高效运行。基于本项目的研究，发展了多模块高温气冷堆核电厂的协调控制方法，该方法由基于物理特性的反应堆和NSSS控制方法以及多模块协调控制方法构成，并已经应用于国家高温气冷堆科技重大专项示范电站HTR-PM机组协调控制系统的工程设计和实施，协调控制系统设计经过了基于全范围模拟机的半实物仿真验证，相关控制系统设备已经运至现场准备调试。在IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science、Energy、Energies、Nuclear Engineering and Design、Progress in Nuclear Energy及Annals of Nuclear Energy等国际权威期刊上发表／录用论文21篇。在IFAC Congress、IEEE控制与决策会议、IEEE系统与控制会议、美国控制会议和国际核工程大会等高水平国际会议上发表论文25篇。此外，授权／公开国家发明专利2项，登记软件著作权5项，培养博士生2名、硕士生5名。项目研究成果对于继续保持我国在高温堆技术领域的领先地位具有促进作用。