鸬鹚蹼助水面短距起飞机理

The submersible aircraft has attracted wide concerns for its great potential value. And with the expanding challenge and opportunity of the maritime rights and interests of China, the submersible aircraft deserves our country to concentrate on it. The performance of submersible aircraft includes two key process, diving and take-off. With the great efforts our group have devoted, the mechanization of gannet's high speed plunge-diving process has already been studied to inspire the diving of submersible aircraft. When dealing with the water take-off process, few theoretical researches have been reported yet. However the cormorant has highly-functional ability of water take-off, we hold the opinion that bionic researches and designs which focus on the mechanization of cormorant's webbed feet propulsion should be carried out. To reveal the webbed feet propulsion mechanization and the self-adjustment mechanism, which can be used to inspire the design of submersible aircraft, bionic observation on the movement of cormorant body during water take-off process is to be established firstly. Then, CFD simulation and device test will be performed based on the former observation data. Eventually, through the simulation and the physical prototype experiment, the dynamitic model of the feet and wing can be obtained. The research of this project will increase the efficiency of submersible aircraft's taking off water and eventually contribute to the design of submersible aircraft.

跨海空航行器作为一种具有巨大潜在运用价值的航行器已经被广泛关注。随着我国海洋权益面临日益增加的挑战和机遇，在我国开展跨海空航行器的研制具有重要的战略意义。跨海空航行器的工作包括"入水"与"出水"两个关键过程，本课题组已经研究了鲣鸟高速溅落入水机理，用于指导跨海空航行器入水功能的设计；至于出水问题，目前国内外都还缺乏相应的理论研究。生物鸬鹚具有卓越的水面起飞能力，因此本项目提出鸬鹚蹼助水面短距起飞机理研究与仿生设计的方案。 本项目通过对鸬鹚水面短距起飞过程脚蹼推进及头、颈、翼、脚、尾耦合姿态自调整现象进行生物观测，将观测数据用于建模仿真与试验装置的参数设计，再通过仿真试验与样机试验得到脚蹼扑水及翅膀拍动的动力学模型，从而探索脚蹼推进及复合姿态自调整机理，用于指导仿脚蹼推进机构及复合姿态自调整机构的设计。本项目的研究成果将为跨海空航行器水面短距起飞技术提供理论与技术支持。

本项目先后进行生物原型机理研究、仿生设计、仿生样机研制、生物机理验证等。本项目拟借鉴现有的关于蛇怪蜥蜴、水黾水面飞跑和蝗虫、壁虎、猫空中跌落过程身体姿态自调整的研究经验和成果，采用高速摄像运动采集系统和微型惯性传感检测技术对鸬鹚水面蹼助起飞过程进行生物观测，得到头、颈、翼、脚、尾的运动参数，并通过CFD 建模分析与装置试验相结合的方法探索其水面推进及姿态自调整机理；然后依据仿生学设计方法与理念，设计蹼助起飞仿生机构和姿态自调整机构；再将上述机构和运动控制器在航行器载体上进行集成，实现仿生样机的研制；最后通过对原理样机的综合试验，验证前述鸬鹚水面运动机理和仿生机构设计方法的正确性与有效性，并为开展更加深入的理论研究提供实验平台。.本项目通过对鸬鹚水面短距起飞过程脚蹼推进及头、颈、翼、脚、尾耦合姿态自调整现象进行生物观测，将观测数据用于建模仿真与试验装置的参数设计，再通过仿真试验与样机试验得到脚蹼扑水及翅膀拍动的动力学模型，从而探索脚蹼推进及复合姿态自调整机理，用于指导仿脚蹼推进机构及复合姿态自调整机构的设计。本项目的研究成果将为跨海空航行器水面短距起飞技术提供理论与技术支持。