基于InSAR与GNSS技术的我国西南山区隐蔽性滑坡早期识别与监测预警

In June 24th 2017, the entire Xinmo village was buried in the Xinmo landslide (in Mao county), resulting in hundreds of people killed or missing. The monitoring and early warning of concealed landslides attracted great attention from the whole society. The southwestern mountainous area of our country suffered from the landslides and other geological disasters frequently. Based on traditional surveying methods, the landslide monitoring and early warning on large scale have always been a difficult task and has not yet achieved satisfactory results. In this study, we will integrate two new earth observation technologies, i.e. synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Taking the villages and towns along key highways, the populous residential areas etc. in southwestern mountainous area as study areas, we will exploit the advantages of InSAR and GNSS technologies (such as the high-spatial coverage of InSAR and high-frequency, high-precision sampling of GNSS) and compensate each other to built a early recognition, monitoring and early warning method from wide-coverage early recognition to precise monitoring of a specific landslide. From the perspective of earth observation, this method provides important monitoring results, technical means and new ideas for the prevention and protection of geological disasters such as landslides, which is of great significance for reducing the life and economic losses in our country.

2017年6月突发的茂县新磨村山体滑坡造成整个村舍被埋、上百人遇难或失踪，使隐蔽性滑坡的监测与预警工作得到全社会的极大关注。我国西南山区是滑坡等地质灾害发生最为集中的区域,基于传统手段的大面积滑坡监测与滑坡预警工作一直以来都是难点，尚未取得令人满意的效果。本研究将融合使用合成孔径雷达干涉（InSAR）与卫星导航定位（GNSS）两种空间对地观测新技术，以我国西南山区重要公路沿线、山区居民集中居住地等作为研究对象，发挥InSAR与GNSS两种技术各自优势（如InSAR高空间覆盖与GNSS的高频次高精度采样）及互补不足，建立起从大范围覆盖的潜在滑坡灾害点早期识别到对具体滑坡体实时精准观测的早期识别与监测预警方法。该方法从空间对地观测的角度为我国滑坡等地质灾害防治、减灾防灾相关工作等提供重要监测结果、技术手段与新的思路，对减少国民生命和经济损失具有重要意义。

我国西南山区是滑坡等地质灾害发生最为集中的区域,基于传统手段的大面积滑坡监测与滑坡预警工作一直以来都是难点。. 本研究以合成孔径雷达干涉（InSAR）技术为主，融合使用卫星导航定位（GNSS）等空间对地观测新技术，以我国西南山区重要公路沿线、山区居民集中居住地等作为研究对象开展研究。. 在地质灾害广域早期识别方面，本研究建立了Stacking-InSAR快速地灾识别方法，以茂县为研究区揭示方法特性及适用性，同时本研究以雅砻江、大渡河等典型高山峡谷区为例，讨论了InSAR技术在这些区域的适用性，展示了极好的识别效果。在监测预警方面，本研究讨论了InSAR、多光谱等空间观测技术与GNSS、裂缝计等实地观测监测预警的可能性，探讨了这些技术的优势与局限性。构建了从大范围早期识别到精准监测预警至最终减灾防灾响应的滑坡预警减灾创新框架。本研究成果已运用于川藏线、白鹤滩水库等国家重大项目的地质灾害识别与监测预警。. 本研究从空间对地观测的角度为我国滑坡等地质灾害防治、减灾防灾相关工作等提供重要监测结果、技术手段与新的思路，对减少国民生命和经济损失具有重要意义。