联合收获机多风道高效清选理论及自适应清选方法

Traditional cleaning device (combination of single duct centrifugal fan and oscillating sieve) can not satisfy the operational requirements with high performance and efficiency that is brought by high-yield super rice. And it has the problems of manual adjustment of working parameters completely based on experience and automatically inadaptation to changes of crops. So it is important to explore multi-duct cleaning method of high-yield supper rice and show the effect of multi-duct turbine fan and guiding plate on distribution rules of airflow field in cleaning shoe. At the coupled excitation of multi-duct air blowing and double-deck sieves oscillating and screening, mechanism of threshed mixture rapid dispersion, hierarchical move and going-through sieve by collision are studied and gas-solid flow model of threshed mixture and design theory of high-efficiency coupled cleaning device of multi-duct and oscillating sieve are established. On-line monitoring and electrical control method of cleaning device are explored, and fuzzy control model and intelligent controller which can forecast operation condition and automatically adapt to different conditions are studied. Then self-adaption and high-efficiency cleaning device of high-yield supper rice combine is developed and experiment on it is done to optimize the device. Research achievement of the project will provide theory and experimental data for design of cleaning device in high-yield supper rice combine in China. It breaks through difficulties like instable performance, low efficiency and poor adaptation of traditional cleaning apparatus and provides technical and equipment guarantee for food safety.

针对传统清选装置（单风道离心风机+振动筛）无法满足高产超级稻单产迅速提高带来的高性能和高效率作业需求以及清选装置工作参数完全依赖经验进行手动调节、不能自动适应作业对象变化等瓶颈问题，探索高产超级稻脱出物多道风选方法，揭示多风道涡轮式风机、导流板等对清选室内气流场分布的影响规律。研究多风道气流吹托和双层往复式振动筛分耦合激励下，高产超级稻脱出物在筛面上的快速分散、分层迁移和碰撞透筛机理，建立脱出物颗粒群多固相气固两相流动模型和多风道/振动筛耦合高效清选装置的设计理论。探索清选装置作业状态在线监测与电动调节方法，研究作业状态预测和作业性能自适应模糊控制模型和智能控制器。集成研制高产超级稻联合收获机自适应高效清选装置，并进行试验与优化。本项目研究成果将为我国大喂入量联合收获机清选装置的设计提供理论与试验依据，突破传统清选装置作业性能不稳定、效率低、适应性差等核心难题，为我国粮食安全提供技术保障。

针对传统风筛式清选装置（单风道离心风机+振动筛）无法满足高产超级稻单产迅速提高带来的高性能和高效率作业需求，以及清选装置工作参数完全依赖经验进行手动调节、不能自动适应作业对象变化等问题，设计了四风道清选风机，分析出上出风口压缩行程121°，半径232.5mm时，四风道出风口风速和流量分布更能满足脱出混合物的清选；分析了不同工况下清选室气流场的分布，得出风机转速每增加150r/min，振动筛下方风速增加0.5m/s～1.2m/s，振动筛上方风速增加0.2m/s～0.8m/s，振动筛下方风速随着振动筛纵向距离的增大而减小。根据碰撞力学原理分析了籽粒与清选筛面碰撞力学特性，基于FLUENT-EDEM耦合分析方法，获得了不同工作参数组和时脱出混合物质心位置在清选室X、Y、Z方向的移动规律。优化了清选损失传感器结构，比较了不同脱出混合物成分在传感器上的信号，改进检测籽粒信号电路，提高清选损失检测精度，设计了鱼鳞筛开度、分风板倾角等作业参数的电动调节机构，研制了自适应控制试验台，可实现风机转速，籽粒搅龙、杂余搅龙转速，鱼鳞筛开度，上、下分风板倾角，振动筛、回程板频率等参数的电动无级调节，确定了清选室内气流速度测量传感器的布置方法，实时获取清选室内流场分布，通过试验筛选出了影响清选损失和籽粒含杂率的主要影响因素，根据台架试验数据划分工作参数和性能参数的基本论域，建立风筛式清选装置自适应模糊控制模型，试验表明没有开启自适应控制的清选装置在风机转速1500rpm、分风板I倾角26.5°、分风板II倾角13°-45°、鱼鳞筛开度20mm-30mm时籽粒清选损失率在0.83%-2.01%，启用自适应控制算法自动调整工作参数时清选装置的籽粒清选损失率最高为0.53%，清选性能显著提升。