基于复杂网络理论的复杂产品设计变更决策方法与协调机制研究

Complex products are considered as priority of advanced manufacturing strategy in Europe and U.S., the key to enhance their design ability is to improve the response capability to changes. Multiple factors, complicated incidence relations, and the dynamic design process are reasons why it is difficult to make accurate decisions and coordinate resources and tasks. Therefore, we put forth an academic theory on decision-making method and coordinating mechanism of response to changes in complex products design phase based on the complex network theory. Firstly, to quantitatively clarify the incidence relations, we constructed a super-network model of complex products design. Secondly, to make rational decisions on response to changes, we conducted a study on the change propagation and the network evolution mechanism, which revealed the dynamics of complex products design and evaluated the influence of changes systematically. Thirdly, to implement products reconfiguration, tasks reallocation, resources redistribution, we carried out a research on the detection and resolution of super-network conflicts, and built a global coordinating mechanism of design factors. At last, we set up a simulation system of complex product design for changes responding, to verify the scientificity and efficiency of our study. The achievements of this study can make contributes to the theoretical system of complex product design, and can provide theoretical basis and technical support for enterprises to improve the capability of complex product design.

复杂产品是欧美先进制造战略争夺的制高点，提高对变更的响应能力是提升其设计能力的关键。复杂产品设计中要素多、要素间关系复杂、设计过程动态性等因素导致变更发生时难以科学决策、任务及资源动态协调困难。为此，申请者在近年完成的多个研究项目基础上，提出了基于复杂网络理论的复杂产品设计变更响应决策方法及协调机制学术思想。为量化复杂产品设计要素的关联关系，提出了构建复杂产品设计超网络模型；为做出响应变更的准确决策，研究变更传播及网络演化机制揭示复杂产品设计的动态性，系统评估变更影响；为实现产品再配置、任务再分配、资源再调度，研究超网络中的冲突检测及消解方法，提出响应变更的设计要素全局协调机制；为验证本项目研究的科学、有效性，建立响应变更的复杂产品设计仿真系统。本研究成果期望能拓展复杂产品设计变更响应决策的基础理论，并为我国企业提高复杂产品设计质量、缩短产品开发周期、降低设计成本提供理论依据和技术支撑。

复杂产品是欧美先进制造战略争夺的制高点，提高对变更的响应能力是提升其设计能力的关键。复杂产品设计中要素多、要素间关系复杂、设计过程动态性等因素导致变更发生时难以进行科学决策、任务及资源动态协调困难。为此，本项目创造性地提出了基于复杂网络理论的复杂产品设计变更响应决策方法及协调机制。为分析复杂产品设计要素并量化要素之间关联关系，分别构建了复杂机械产品设计结构、任务和资源对应的子网络模型CPSN、CPTN和CPRN，分析了各子网络之间的关联关系，构建了复杂产品设计超网络模型，从而揭示了复杂产品设计超网络的拓扑性；在此基础上，分析了变更产生的原因，利用层级划分的变更影响评估方法求解最优变更传播路径，为变更决策提供支持；然后提出了复杂产品设计超网络中的冲突检测方法，构建了网络中的冲突消解模型，利用复杂网络参数映射方法协调变更产生的冲突，达到设计任务再分配、设计资源再配置的目的；为了验证本项目研究的科学、有效性，各阶段建立了仿真模型，通过计算机动态仿真验算验证了优化模型和优化方法的有效性。本研究成果不仅拓展了复杂产品设计变更响应决策的基础理论，且为我国企业提高复杂产品设计质量、缩短产品开发周期、降低设计成本提供了理论依据和技术支撑。