红土镍矿中有价组元深度分离的基础研究

The nickel industry in China is facing serious resource problems, lateritic nickel ores will become the main developing objects. They can not be effectively and cleanly treated by conventional processes, which dischage a large number of waste gas, waste water and waste residues leading to environmental pollution. Due to the advantages of energy saving, cleanliness and high efficiency, ammonium sulfate roasting method shows great promising applications in the fields of refractory resource processing and effective-clean metallurgy. In this research, lateritic nickel ore resources are choosen to be the research objects. Through the researches on the physical and chemical properties of lateritic nickel ore and the roasting system, the structure and components behaviors is to be made clear. The transformation behavior of elements and dynamic characterizations during the process of ammonium sulfate roasting are to be investigated, and the components interaction laws are to be revealed. Through the researches on selective separation behavior of main metals and depth separation mechanisms of trace impurities in the solution, the depth separation rules and regulation mechanisms are to be clarified. The multi-factor effects in separation process are to be discovered, the optimum conditions and process regulation are to be determined. Based on above researches, the fundamental theory of depth separation of elements from lateritic nickel ore is established, and which will provide theoretical basis for effective-clean utilization of lateritic nickel ore resources.

我国镍工业面临严重的资源问题，红土镍矿资源将成为主要开发对象。常规冶金工艺难以高效清洁处理，导致三废排放多，环境污染严重。硫酸铵焙烧法具有节能、清洁、高效等特点，在复杂资源处理及高效清洁冶金方面有着良好的应用前景。本项目以红土镍矿为研究对象，通过红土镍矿及其与硫酸铵焙烧体系的物化性质研究和热力学行为分析，明确红土镍矿及其焙烧体系的结构及组元行为；探讨红土镍矿硫酸铵焙烧过程中有价组元的转化行为及动力学特征，揭示组元间的交互作用规律；通过研究酸式盐溶液中主金属选择性分离的行为和微量杂质元素深度分离的机制，阐明溶液中有价组元深度分离的规律和调控机制；探索各分离过程多因素的作用影响，确定优化工艺参数及过程调控机制，建立红土镍矿中有价组元深度分离的基础理论，为红土镍矿资源的高效清洁利用提供理论依据。

随着镍需求的增加和硫化镍矿资源的渐趋枯竭，红土镍矿资源将成为我国镍企业的主要开发对象。我国红土镍矿资源品位低，经风化后与其他矿物相互镶嵌紧密，常规冶金工艺包括火法和湿法均难以实现高效清洁处理，导致三废排放多，环境污染严重。因此，研究红土镍矿中有价组元提取与高效分离的新工艺和新技术，对红土镍矿进行绿色化综合利用具有重要的实际意义和应用价值。硫酸化焙烧法具有焙烧温度低、反应效率高、化工原料易实现循环利用等优点，在低品位、复杂矿物资源处理及高效清洁冶金方面拥有良好的应用前景。.本项目以我国典型的低品位红土镍矿为研究对象，研究红土镍矿及硫酸铵的基本物化性质，为合理的工艺流程的设计硫酸铵焙烧温度的制定、焙烧机理的分析提供可靠的依据；通过焙烧产物的分析，确定有价组元的转化历程和原理；进行热力学计算确定有价组元转化的可能性、热力学条件和转化顺序；利用单因素实验和正交实验对红土镍矿硫酸铵焙烧和浓硫酸焙烧进行研究，获得有价组元的转化规律、调控机制以及优化的技术参数；通过研究溶出液中共存离子的种类和浓度，有价组元溶出过程的调控和优化，阐明酸式盐的溶解机理、有价组元迁移的调控机制和分配规律。研究酸式盐溶液中主金属选择性分离的行为和微量杂质元素深度分离的机制，揭示有价金属的转化行为、调控机制、相互作用规律和动力学特征。.通过本项目的研究，建立红土镍矿中有价元素高效转化与深度分离的理论，形成了红土镍矿绿色冶金及综合利用的新技术原型，为我国红土镍矿的经济开发和综合利用提供了有效的途径，并将工艺和技术推广应用于处理低品位氧化锌矿、混合镍矿、高铁铝土矿等资源。