基于新型光场调控的量子纠缠实验研究

A light has multiple degrees of freedom (DoFs) and the recent developed technologies enable us to simultaneously manipulate various DoFs of light, which may result in new phenomena, new effects and new applications. This project will explore the applications of these novel multiple-DoFs-manipulation technologies in quantum information processing. In this research direction, we have demonstrated the first quantum teleportation of multiple DoFs of single photons by simultaneously manipulating the two DoFs of polarization and orbital angular momentum. This achievement was published in Nature as titled on the cover of the journal and awarded as “Physics World 2015 Breakthrough of the Year”. We will keep going forward along this research direction and focus on the research of quantum entanglement, which has become the most important resource for quantum information processing. We will devote to generate various types of quantum entanglement by simultaneously manipulating different DoFs of single photons and explore their applications. In particular, three types of quantum entanglement including the vector field type hybrid entanglement between different DoFs of single photons, two-photon entanglement in multiple DoFs, and multi-photon entanglement in multiple DoFs are the main research topics in this project. We will pay great effort to the generation and application of these three types of quantum entanglement. The successful implementation of this project will help us to continue hold the international leading position in the field of photonic quantum information processing with multi-photon entanglement and interference in multiple DoFs.

光具有多自由度的特性，新型光场同时对光的多个维度进行调控，能够催生一系列新现象、新效应及新应用。本项目瞄准量子信息这一重要战略学科，研究新型光场调控在量子信息中的应用，该选题紧扣本重大研究计划，完全符合培育项目的要求。我们在该研究方向已经取得了重大突破，通过同时调控光子偏振和轨道角动量这两个自由度，我们在国际上首次实现了多自由度量子隐形传态，该成果以封面标题的形式发表在《自然》杂志，被被评为“2015年度国际物理学十大突破之榜首”。本项目将沿着该方向继续前行，充分发挥光子多自由度的特性，我们将集中力量重点突破，紧紧围绕“量子纠缠”这一量子信息处理中最重要的资源开展基于新型光场的研究。具体包括矢量光场杂化纠缠、双光子多自由度纠缠以及多光子多自由度纠缠等三类量子纠缠源的制备、调控及应用研究。本项目的顺利实施将有助于继续保持我国在基于新型光场调控的多光子多自由度量子信息处理领域的国际领先地位。

在本项目的支持下，我们开展了基于新型光场调控的量子纠缠实验研究，取得一些较有国际影响力的科研成果，包括：（1）通过调控6光子的偏振、路径和轨道角动量等3个自由度，在国际上首次实现18比特量子纠缠[PRL 120, 260502 (2018)]；（2）发展单自由度高维纠缠操纵技术，在国际上首次成功实现高维度量子体系的隐形传态[PRL 123, 070505 (2019)]，这是自1997年实现二维量子隐形传态实验以来，第一次在理论和实验上把量子隐形传态扩展到任意维度。