水下移动平台MIMO水声通信的压缩传感信道估计与均衡技术研究

The need for high data rate underwater acoustic (UWA) communications arises in many military, scientific and civilian applications on various underwater mobile platforms, including autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), underwater gliders, and submarines. Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology has long been adopted for terrestrial electromagnetic wireless communications to increase the channel capacity. However, the algorithms for MIMO terrestrial commutations cannot be borrowed directly in the UWA scenarios because of the doubly-selective fading UWA channels. This project addresses the key issues in MIMO-UWA communications for mobile platforms, namely channel estimation and equalization, by taking advantage of sparse UWA channels, adopting compressive sensing and iterations. The project will mainly focus on 1) mobile UWA channel modeling by minimum parameters, 2) channel estimation by estimating the physical channel paths and the time intervals between them, 3) equalization by developing time-varying decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and iterative Viterbi algorithms. Both channel modeling and result verification will be based on sea trials, which will be done multiple times to cover diverse physical parameters, including flow velocity, platform moving velocity, surface wave, bottom sediment, etc. The results of this project can be applied to high rate MIMO-UWA communications for underwater moving platforms, enlightening the path towards future underwater acoustic information technologies.

随着各种水下移动平台对水声通信需求的提升，高移动性和高数据率成为未来水声通信的发展趋势。多输入多输出（multiple input multiple output, MIMO）技术可有效增加信道容量，提升数据率。本项目利用水声信道的稀疏性，研究水下移动平台MIMO水声通信的信道估计与均衡，解决移动MIMO水声通信的两大关键技术难点。研究内容和创新点包括：（1）以最少的参数对水下移动平台水声通信信道建模；（2）以直接估计信道可分辨物理到达径系数，以及各径之间的时间间隔，再重构信道的方式压缩传感估计信道；（3）以时变MIMO 判决反馈均衡器、迭代最优维特比和圆球算法实现信道均衡。本项目的信道建模及研究成果验证将均通过多次湖试和海试完成，涵盖不同的流速、平台移动速度、波浪、底质等客观条件，力求成果的广泛适用性。本项目的成果可直接应用于高传输速率移动MIMO水声通信的实现，推动水声信息技术的发展。

近几年，随着各种水下移动平台对水声通信需求的提升，高移动性和高数据率成为未来水声通信的发展趋势。本项目研究的多输入多输出（multiple input multiple output, MIMO）技术可有效增加信道容量，提升数据率。本项目利用了水声信道的稀疏性，研究了水下移动平台 MIMO 水声通信的信道估计与均衡技术。研究顺利完成了计划的全部内容，包括：（1）以最少的参数对水下移动平台水声通信信道建模；（2）以直接估计信道可分辨物理到达径系数，以及各径之间的时间间隔，再重构信道的方式压缩传感估计信道；（3）以时变 MIMO 判决反馈均衡器算法实现信道均衡。本项目的信道建模及研究成果验证将均通过多次湖试和海试完成，涵盖不同的流速、平台移动速度等客观条件，保证成果的广泛适用性。本项目的成果可直接应用于高传输速率移动 MIMO水声通信的实现，为今后实际样机研制提供理论依据，推动水声信息技术的发展。