雷暴云双球三维电场探空技术研究

The thunderstorm electric field sounding technology is an effective approach to detect the charge density distribution, study the charge structure. This project will develop a balloon-borne thunderstorm electric field sounding technology to detect the vector electric field in three dimensions directly. Using a three dimensional (3D) accelerometer and a 3D magnetometer module to determine the attitude of the balloon in real time, the detection of the direction of electric field will be realized. Based on the attitude data of the balloon, a new electric field data processing method will be applied to obtain the vector electric field. Various sensors, signals acquisition module, processing module and communication module will be integrated into the electric field sphere sensor, making the structural optimization. Using the balloon-borne electric field measurements ascending through the thunderstorm, the 3D electric field along the sounding path will be obtained. The sounding technology will be not only conducive to intensify the knowledge of the thunderstorm charge density distribution, but also scientifically significant for developing the atmospheric observation technology.

本项目拟发展一套针对雷暴云内矢量电场直接探测的双球三维电场探空技术，通过搭载三轴地磁传感器以及加速度传感器来实时确定探空仪工作姿态，实现对云内电场方向的同步探测；基于探空仪姿态数据，发展一套电场探空数据处理新方法，以获取矢量电场资料；将多种传感器和信号采集处理回传单元集成于电场传感器内，使结构最优化；通过气球搭载电场探空仪对雷暴云进行穿云观测实验，获取探空路径上的三维电场数据。本技术的研究不仅有助于加深对雷暴云电荷分布特征的认识，并且对大气探测技术的发展有着重要的科学价值。

雷暴云内的电场探测技术是大气电学研究的重要内容，也是研究雷暴云电荷分布不可或缺的基本手段。本项目紧扣雷暴云内电场探测的技术难题，开展了气球搭载的双金属球三维电场探空系统研发工作，发展雷暴云内电场三维解析算法以及雷暴云电荷密度反演方法，并开展电场探空观测实验实现了雷暴云的穿云电场探测，取得了以下几个方面的重要进展：1）成功研制了一套能够有效探测雷暴云内电场强度的双球三维电场探空系统，实现了雷暴云内电场的原位探测，同时探空系统还同步探测电场传感器的姿态信息。2）发展了一套有效的电场探空数据处理方法，利用电场探测器内集成的地磁和重力传感器获取的姿态数据，三维分解雷暴云内电场获得电场三维矢量信息，精确获取电场探空中的垂直电场分量，保证了雷暴云电荷垂直分布分析的准确性。3）利用自行研制的双球三维电场探空系统开展雷暴云穿云观测实验，首次获得了华北平原雷暴云电荷分布结构特征并进行了分析。