条纹管激光雷达时间分辨光谱快速测油方法研究

Laser induced fluorescence is one of the most effective methods for marine pollution measurement. At present the rapid remote sensing of oil kinds identification has not been solved effectively. This project proposes a fluorescence lidar used streak tube, which will not only obtain steady state fluorescence spectrum but also acquire transient fluorescence spectrum. This system is composed of laser, optical system, steak tube, CCD, image processing, data processing system and oil identification. The scattering echo signal from sea surface is received by optical system to steak tube. The spectral signal involved temporal information on the fluorescent screen is sent to computer processing system, which could make a intuitive steady and transient oil fluorescence spectra image generated. By further analysing of the fluorescence spectra fingerprint information can be aquired for oil identification and distribution, and the thickness of oil slick can be measured. Using streak tube for oil fingerprint methord own its advantage of high-spectra resolution， high-time resolution, short-time measurement , high-sensitivity , and this methord is of great significance for the remote sensing of oil detection and identification of ocean surface.

海洋荧光污染探测技术是探测海面油污最有效的工具之一，但是目前油种类的快速遥感识别问题还未有效解决。本项目提出可实现快速油种测量的条纹管激光雷达，不仅能够得到目标的稳态荧光谱，同时能得到目标的瞬态荧光谱。此系统主要组成包括：激光器、光学系统、条纹管、CCD、图像处理、数据处理及油种识别。工作过程是：海面油污散射的激光信号经接收光学系统后，入射到条纹管，在荧光屏上显示具有时间信息的光谱信号，再由CCD将光谱图像数据传送给计算机处理，形成直观的稳态及瞬态油荧光光谱图，通过进一步的数据处理，对海洋表面油的时间分辨荧光谱进行分析和反演，可以提取油的时间光谱指纹信息，从而判断油污染的种类及分布，并可测量油膜厚度。用条纹管获取油指纹方法具有光谱分辨率高、时间分辨率高、测量时间短、灵敏度高等优点，对海洋表面油污遥感快速探测和快速识别具有重要意义。

随着世界各国对石油需求量的迅猛增长，海洋溢油事故不断增多，溢油位置、面积及种类的及时确定可对溢油事故进行有效监测、跟踪和评估，对清理溢油及防止油污扩散提供指导，对保护沿海污染与未污染海洋生态环境有着十分重要的意义。. 本项目采用条纹管相机实现海水表面油污时间分辨荧光谱的快速测量，是条纹管荧光分辨技术的应用基础研究。应用条纹管的连续时间分辨特性，得到含有油品连续时间信息的三维荧光谱。研究三维荧光谱与油污特性及油污种类的关系，寻找适于海洋表面油污探测的油污分辨方法。. 通过项目研究的开展，提出了利用条纹管阴极电压脉冲调制，实现距离、时间选通的条纹管成像新方法，实现了海洋环境下的高信噪比成像。利用该方法实现了油污时间分辨荧光谱的快速测量，为条纹管时间分辨提供了新的解决方案。同时，条纹管可工作在斜坡扫描状态下对目标进行光谱探测，该方法将具有更高的时间分辨能力。两种时间分辨光谱的获取方法对比将成为下一步的研究重点，同时对比结果将为不同应用环境下光谱探测方法的选择提供可靠依据。同时，项目的开展，为3篇高水平论文发表、7项相关专利申请及9名硕博研究生的科研学习提供了基础，为培养该领域的科研梯队提供了有力支持。